This research investigates composite tubes developed with hybrid preform manufacturing techniques of braiding and filament winding (FW). A quadriaxial braid-wound (QBW) preform [(±45°/0°/90°)2/(±45°/0°)] and a triaxial braided (TB60) preform [(±60°/0°)3] were developed. Quasi-isotropic (QI) fibre orientations were selected for both the lay-ups for comparison of mechanical properties. The large diameter of the tubes led to incomplete surface coverage with (±45°/0°)3 braided preforms (TB45). Circumferential distribution of multiple layers improved the coverage by reducing through the thickness resin pockets. Also addition of hoop winding improved the coverage and consolidated the braided preform. The use of braiding together with FW resulted in an improved fibre volume fraction. Also predicting surface coverage was a fundamental interest for a triaxial braided preform. An equation was proposed for cover factor estimation and was verified by using image analysis. Resin infusion of the preforms was carried out and composite tubes were fabricated. During resin infusion of braided preforms wrinkles were formed. A brief study on wrinkle formation was carried out and the reasons of wrinkle formation for braided tubes were identified based on existing literature. Longitudinal tensioning in conjunction with optimization of fibre amount in a layup and over-winding on braid was established to minimize wrinkle formation. This was primarily due to compaction of braided layers with hoop winding. Hence braid-winding has the additional advantage of manufacturing wrinkle free composite tubes. Finally composite tubes were tested under tension and torsion loads. One of the major findings was the effect of hoop winding on transverse deformation of the braid-wound tubes. As axial fibre percentage for QBW tube was less than that of TB45, the tensile strength was compromised. However presence of hoop winding resulted in lower transverse strain contributing to higher tensile modulus of QBW tubes along with lower Poisson's ratio. Although shear modulus of TB60 tube was exceptionally high for its fibre orientation, for QBW tubes, shear modulus was not significantly higher than that of other tubes. An aluminium tube was also tested for comparing the elastic properties of the QI tubes with those of an isotropic material. QBW tubes specific modulus was higher than that of the aluminium. The shear modulus of the QI and aluminium tubes was estimated by applying the theory for isotropic materials. In comparison to aluminium, for QBW tube the differences between estimated and actual shear modulus was higher. However QBW tube properties were in closer relation to those of the aluminium tube than TB60 tubes. Hence a QBW hybrid layup technique has the potential for manufacturing composite tubes without losing comparative composite material properties.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:bl.uk/oai:ethos.bl.uk:734203 |
| Date | January 2014 |
| Creators | Roy, Sree Shankhachur |
| Publisher | University of Manchester |
| Source Sets | Ethos UK |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Electronic Thesis or Dissertation |
| Source | https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/braidwinding-of-quadriaxial-composite-tubes(8d196320-5495-42dd-a6eb-1509f858d685).html |
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