真蝦下目是十足目中第二大的下目，目前已有超過3400個物種。在過去的一個世紀，基於形態學證據，分類學家提出了大量的真蝦下目分類方案，然而至今仍爭議不斷。本文第一部分使用兩個線粒體基因（12S rRNA和16S rRNA）和五個核基因序列（組蛋白H3，鈉鉀ATP酶α亞基NaK，烯醇酶enolase，磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧激酶PEPCK和磷酸甘油醛脫氫酶GAPDH）對來自真蝦下目13個總科，27個科的102個物種進行系統進化分子分析。在科的層面，研究結果支Alpheide,Barbouriidae,Atyidae,Alvinocarididae,Bathypalaemonellidae, Crangonidae,Glyphocrangonidae,Nematocarcinidae,Rhynchocinetidae, Acanthephyridae,Oplophoridae,Thalassocarididae,Stylodactylidae和Processidae的單系性，但拒絕Palaemonidae,Pandalidae,Pasiphaeidae和Hippolytidae的單系性。在總科的層面，Palaemonoidea,Oplophoroidea, Pandaloidea,Crangonoidea和Campylonotoidea的單系性被支持，但Alpheoidea和Nematocarcinoidea的單系性被拒絕。 / 本文第二部分利用六個線粒體基因和核基因序列（線粒體12S rRNA和16S rRNA，組蛋白H3，鈉鉀ATP酶α亞基NaK，烯醇酶enolase和ATP合酶β亞基atpβ），對Pasiphaeidae的6屬33種和真蝦下目其他12科19種進行系統發育分子分析。研究結果表明，在科的層面，Pasiphaeidae不是一個單系群，Psathyrocaris的系統進化位置與其他5屬構成的進化枝相距較遠，後者又分為兩個遺傳距離遙遠的姐妹群（Leptochela單獨構成一支）；在屬的層面，Pasiphaea，Leptochela和Psathyrocaris分別構成單系群，而Eupasiphae的物種則與Parapasiphae和Glyphus的物種混合相聚。因此，Pasiphaeidae的組成需要重新審定，包括新科Psathyrocarididae的建立和Leptochelidae的恢復。 / 本文第三部分利用八個線粒體基因和核基因序列（線粒體12S rRNA和16S rRNA，組蛋白H3，鈉鉀ATP酶α亞基NaK，烯醇酶enolase，磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧激酶PEPCK，ATP合酶β亞基atpβ和磷酸甘油醛脫氫酶GAPDH）對Pandalidae的20屬60種和真蝦下目其他8科13種進行系統發育分子分析。研究結果表明，Pandalidae是一個並系群，與Thalassocarididae關係接近。淺棲屬Anachlorocurtis,Chlorocurtis,Chlorotocella和Miropandalus與其他Pandalidae物種構成姐妹群關係。在屬的層面，Plesionika,Heterocarpus和Pandalus的單系性被拒絕。基於分子進化樹，Pandalidae的組成需要重新審定，包括Thalassocarididae的合併，Chlorotocellidae的正式建立和非單系屬的重新定義。 / As the second largest infraorder in the order Decapoda, Caridea contains more than 3,400 described species worldwide. Over the last century, many morphological classification schemes have been proposed. However, consensus has yet to be reached and the phylogenetic relationships within the infraorder remain unclear. In the first part of this thesis, a combined dataset of two mitochondrial (12S and 16S rDNA) and five nuclear (histone 3, sodium–potassium ATPase α-subunit, enolase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) genes from 102 caridean species belonged to 13 superfamilies and 27 families, was used to present a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the infraorder Caridea. At the family level, the gene trees supported the monophyly of the families Alpheidae, Barbouriidae, Atyidae, Alvinocarididae, Bathypalaemonellidae, Crangonidae, Glyphocrangonidae, Nematocarcinidae, Rhynchocinetidae, Acanthephyridae, Oplophoridae, Thalassocarididae, Processidae and Stylodactylidae, while rejected the monophyly of Palaemonidae, Pandalidae, Pasiphaeidae and Hippolytidae. At the superfamily level, the superfamilies Palaemonoidea, Oplophoroidea, Pandaloidea, Crangonoidea and Campylonotoidea were all shown to be monophyletic while the Alpheoidea and Nematocarcinoidea were polyphyletic. / In the second part of this thesis, the molecular phylogeny of Pasiphaeidae was elucidated based on a combined dataset of six mitochondrial and nuclear gene markers (12S rDNA, 16S rDNA, histone 3, sodium–potassium ATPase α-subunit, enolase and ATP synthase β-subunit) from 33 species belonged to six pasiphaeid genera and 19 species from 12 other caridean families. The gene trees evidently rejected the monophyly of Pasiphaeidae, with Psathyrocaris more closely related to other carideans than to the clade of the other five pasiphaeid genera. Leptochela occupying a sister position to the remaining genera was genetically distant from the other four genera. At generic level, the analysis supported the monophyly of Pasiphaea, Leptochela and Psathyrocaris, while Eupasiphae was paraphyletic, closely related to Parapasiphae and Glyphus. A systematic revision of Pasiphaeidae with erection of Psathyrocarididae fam. n. and formal resurrection of Leptochelidae Paulson, 1875 was proposed. / In the third part of this thesis, the molecular phylogeny of Pandalidae was presented based on a combined dataset of eight mitochondrial (12S and 16S rRNA) and nuclear (histone 3, sodium–potassium ATPase α-subunit, enolase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, ATP synthase β-subunit and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) gene markers, from 60 species belonged to 20 genera of Pandalidae plus 13 species from eight other caridean families. Pandalidae was found to be paraphyletic with Thalassocarididae nested within. A clade of the shallow water genera Anachlorocurtis, Chlorocurtis, Chlorotocella and Miropandalus was sister to the remaining genera. At generic level, our results indicated each of the genera Plesionika, Heterocarpus and Pandalus was not monophyletic and Pandalopsis species were nested within Pandalus. Our analyses resolved the relationships among most members of Pandalidae, suggesting systematic revision of Pandalidae with inclusion of Thalassocarididae, formal erection of Chlorotocellidae and redefinition of the non-monophyletic genera. / Liao, Yunshi. / Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2016. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves ). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on …). / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_1292266 |
| Date | January 2016 |
| Contributors | Liao, Yunshi (author.), (thesis advisor.), Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Life Sciences. (degree granting institution.) |
| Source Sets | The Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| Language | English, Chinese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Text, bibliography, text |
| Format | electronic resource, remote, 1 online resource ( leaves) : illustrations, computer, online resource |
| Rights | Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons "Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International" License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
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