Duan Meijuan. / Thesis submitted in: August 2003. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 170-194). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.i / Abstract --- p.iii / Chinese abstract --- p.vi / List of Tables --- p.viii / List of Figures --- p.ix / List of Abbreviations --- p.xiv / Chapter Chapter 1. --- General Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2. --- Literature Review --- p.3 / Chapter 2.1 --- Hybrid rice: Genetics and breeding --- p.3 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Classification in rice --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Heterosis in rice --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.2.1 --- Performance of heterosis in rice --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1.2.2. --- Genetic mechanism of heterosis in rice --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Utilization of heterosis in rice --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2 --- Grain quality in rice --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Composition of rice grain quality --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2.1.1 --- Appearance quality --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2.1.2 --- Milling quality --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2.1.3 --- Nutritional quality --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2.1.4 --- Cooking and eating quality --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Genetic and breeding for high nutritional quality rice --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- "Structural, physiological and biochemical changes during rice seed development" --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3 --- Molecular biological characteristics of rice seed storage protein --- p.20 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- "Property, classification and structure" --- p.20 / Chapter 2.3.1.1 --- Property and classification --- p.20 / Chapter 2.3.1.2 --- Composition structure --- p.20 / Chapter 2.3.1.2.1 --- Glutelin --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3.1.2.2 --- Prolamin --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3.1.2.3 --- Globulin and Albumin --- p.23 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- "Structure, expression and regulation of genes encoding rice seed storage protein genes" --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3.2.1 --- Structure --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3.2.1.1 --- Glutelin gene family --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3.2.1.2 --- Prolamin gene family --- p.26 / Chapter 2.3.2.1.3 --- Albumin and globulin gene family --- p.27 / Chapter 2.3.2.2 --- Expression of storage proteins in rice seed development --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3.2.3 --- Regulation of expression of seed storage protein genes --- p.29 / Chapter 2.3.2.3.1 --- Regulation at transcriptional level --- p.29 / Chapter 2.3.2.3.2 --- Regulation at post-transcriptional level --- p.31 / Chapter 2.3.2.3.3 --- Regulation at translational level --- p.31 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- "Synthesis, processing and deposition of rice seed storage proteins" --- p.32 / Chapter 2.4 --- Molecular characteristics of starch in rice grain --- p.34 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Property of rice starch --- p.34 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Starch biosynthesis in rice --- p.37 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis in rice --- p.39 / Chapter 2.4.3.1 --- ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) --- p.39 / Chapter 2.4.3.2 --- Soluble starch synthase (SSS) --- p.41 / Chapter 2.4.3.3 --- Granular-bound starch synthase (GBSS) --- p.42 / Chapter 2.4.3.4 --- Starch branching enzyme (SBE) --- p.44 / Chapter 2.4.3.5 --- Starch debranching enzyme (SDE) --- p.46 / Chapter 2.5 --- Aspartate family amino acid biosynthetic pathway in rice --- p.48 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Introduction --- p.48 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Two key regulatory enzymes involved in lysine synthesis pathway --- p.50 / Chapter 2.5.2.1 --- Aspartate kinase (AK) --- p.50 / Chapter 2.5.2.2 --- Dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHPS) --- p.51 / Chapter 2.5.2.3. --- Regulation of lysine and the other end products of AK pathway --- p.52 / Chapter 2.6 --- Proteomics in plants --- p.53 / Chapter 2.7 --- Approaches for grain quality improvement in rice --- p.56 / Chapter 2.7.1 --- Improvement of nutrition quality --- p.56 / Chapter 2.7.2 --- Improvement of eating and cooking quality --- p.57 / Chapter 2.8 --- Objectives of my project --- p.58 / Chapter Chapter 3. --- Materials and Methods --- p.60 / Chapter 3.1 --- Materials --- p.60 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Chemicals --- p.60 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Apparatus and commercial kits --- p.60 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Plant materials --- p.61 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- DNA sequencing --- p.61 / Chapter 3.1.5 --- Software --- p.61 / Chapter 3.2 --- Methods --- p.62 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Search for protein and DNA sequences of all genes --- p.62 / Chapter 3.2.1.1 --- Genes encoding rice glutelin family --- p.62 / Chapter 3.2.1.2 --- Genes encoding rice prolamin family --- p.63 / Chapter 3.2.1.3 --- Genes encoding rice albumin family --- p.63 / Chapter 3.2.1.4 --- Genes encoding rice globulin family --- p.64 / Chapter 3.2.1.5 --- Genes encoding rice starch synthesis enzymes --- p.64 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Alignment of homologous DNA sequence between family member genes --- p.65 / Chapter 3.2.2.1 --- Seeds storage protein gene families of rice seeds --- p.65 / Chapter 3.2.2.2 --- Rice starch synthase gene families --- p.67 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Primer design --- p.69 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Collection of developing hybrid rice seeds --- p.71 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Total RNA extraction --- p.75 / Chapter 3.2.6 --- Quantification of total RNA and determination of internal control --- p.75 / Chapter 3.2.7 --- RT-PCR (Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction) --- p.77 / Chapter 3.2.8 --- Northern blot analysis --- p.78 / Chapter 3.2.9 --- DNA sequencing --- p.79 / Chapter 3.2.10 --- Protein extraction --- p.80 / Chapter 3.2.10.1 --- Extraction of four kinds of storage proteins --- p.80 / Chapter 3.2.10.2 --- Extraction of the Wx protein --- p.81 / Chapter 3.2.11 --- Tricine SDS-PAGE --- p.82 / Chapter 3.2.12 --- "Determination of crude protein and amylose content in P64S,9311 and F1 hybrid" --- p.83 / Chapter 3.2.12.1 --- Determination of crude protein --- p.83 / Chapter 3.2.12.2 --- Determination of amylose content --- p.84 / Chapter 3.2.13 --- Two-dimension gel electrophoresis --- p.85 / Chapter 3.2.13.1 --- Clean up of protein sample for 2-D gel --- p.85 / Chapter 3.2.13.2 --- Quantification of protein samples --- p.86 / Chapter 3.2.13.3 --- First-dimension IEF (isoelectric focusing) --- p.86 / Chapter 3.2.13.4 --- IPG strips equilibration --- p.87 / Chapter 3.2.13.5 --- Second-dimension SDS PAGE --- p.87 / Chapter 3.2.13.6 --- Silver staining of 2-D gel --- p.88 / Chapter 3.2.14 --- MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry (Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight) --- p.88 / Chapter 3.2.14.1 --- Sample destaining --- p.88 / Chapter 3.2.14.2 --- In-gel digestion with trypsin enzyme --- p.89 / Chapter 3.2.14.3 --- Desalination of the digested sample with Zip Tip --- p.90 / Chapter 3.2.14.4 --- Mass spectrometry --- p.90 / Chapter Chapter 4. --- Results --- p.91 / Chapter 4.1 --- Quantification of the total RNA from developing seeds at different developingstages --- p.91 / Chapter 4.2 --- Determination of internal control --- p.92 / Chapter 4.3 --- DNA sequence analysis --- p.95 / Chapter 4.4 --- Profiling the expression of genes encoding rice seed storage proteins --- p.97 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- The glutelin genes --- p.97 / Chapter 4.4.1.1 --- The Gtl (GluA-2) gene --- p.100 / Chapter 4.4.1.2 --- The Gt2 (GluA-1) gene --- p.100 / Chapter 4.4.1.3 --- The Gt3 (GluA-3) gene --- p.101 / Chapter 4.4.1.4 --- Comparison of the expression profiles of GluA subfamily genes --- p.101 / Chapter 4.4.1.5 --- The GluB-1 gene --- p.101 / Chapter 4.4.1.6 --- The GluB-2 gene --- p.102 / Chapter 4.4.1.7 --- The GluB-4 gene --- p.102 / Chapter 4.4.1.8 --- Comparing of the expression profiles of GluB subfamily genes --- p.102 / Chapter 4.4.1.9 --- Profiling the expression of glutilin family genes in developing hybrid rice seeds --- p.103 / Chapter 4.4.1.10 --- Profiling glutelin gene expression in developing seeds at protein level --- p.103 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Profiling the expression of genes encoding prolamin familyin developing hybrid rice seeds --- p.105 / Chapter 4.4.2.1 --- The 10-kDa prolamin gene --- p.105 / Chapter 4.4.2.2 --- The RP5 gene --- p.108 / Chapter 4.4.2.3 --- The RP6 gene --- p.108 / Chapter 4.4.2.4 --- The Prol 7 gene --- p.109 / Chapter 4.4.2.5 --- The Prol 14 gene --- p.109 / Chapter 4.4.2.6 --- The Prol 17 gene --- p.109 / Chapter 4.4.2.7 --- Expression profiles of prolamin family genes --- p.110 / Chapter 4.4.2.8 --- Expression profiles of prolamin genes in developing hybrid rice seeds at protein level --- p.111 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Profiling the expression of genes encoding globulin familyin developing hybrid rice seed --- p.113 / Chapter 4.4.3.1 --- The 26-kDa globulin (alpha-globulin) gene --- p.113 / Chapter 4.4.3.2 --- The globulin 1 gene --- p.113 / Chapter 4.4.3.3 --- The globulin 2 gene --- p.115 / Chapter 4.4.3.4 --- The Low molecular weight (LMW) globulin gene --- p.115 / Chapter 4.4.3.5 --- Profiling the expression of the globulin family genes --- p.115 / Chapter 4.4.3.6 --- Expression profiles of globulin proteins in developing hybrid rice seeds at protein level --- p.117 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Profiling the expression of genes encoding rice albumin familyin developing hybrid rice seeds --- p.118 / Chapter 4.4.4.1 --- The RA5 gene --- p.118 / Chapter 4.4.4.2 --- The RA 14 gene --- p.119 / Chapter 4.4.4.3 --- The RA 17 gene --- p.119 / Chapter 4.4.4.4 --- Profiling the expression of the albumin family genes --- p.121 / Chapter 4.4.4.5 --- Albumin gene expression in developing hybrid rice seeds at protein level --- p.121 / Chapter 4.4.5 --- Comparison of expression pattern of all genes encoding rice seed storage proteins in developing hybrid rice seeds --- p.123 / Chapter 4.4.6 --- Profiling the total proteins in developing hybrid rice seeds --- p.126 / Chapter 4.5 --- Profiling the expression of genes encoding rice starch synthasesin developing hybrid rice seeds --- p.127 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Rice ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) genes --- p.127 / Chapter 4.5.1.1 --- The AGPase large subunit gene --- p.127 / Chapter 4.5.1.2 --- The AGPase small subunit gene --- p.127 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- "The Wx (Granule bound starch synthase, GBSS) gene" --- p.129 / Chapter 4.5.3 --- Genes encoding rice SSS (Soluble starch synthase) family --- p.132 / Chapter 4.5.3.1 --- The SSS1 gene --- p.132 / Chapter 4.5.3.2 --- The SSS II-1 gene --- p.132 / Chapter 4.5.3.3 --- The SSS II-2 gene --- p.132 / Chapter 4.5.3.4 --- The SSS II-3 gene --- p.135 / Chapter 4.5.3.5 --- The SSS III-2 gene --- p.135 / Chapter 4.5.3.6 --- The SSS IV-1 gene --- p.135 / Chapter 4.5.3.7 --- The SSS IV-2 gene --- p.135 / Chapter 4.5.3.8 --- Profiling the expression of SSS family genes --- p.136 / Chapter 4.5.4 --- Genes encoding rice starch branching enzyme (SBE) family --- p.138 / Chapter 4.5.4.1 --- The SBE-1 gene --- p.138 / Chapter 4.5.4.2 --- The SBE-3 gene --- p.138 / Chapter 4.5.4.3 --- The SBE-4 gene --- p.138 / Chapter 4.5.4.4 --- Profiling the expression of SBE family genes --- p.140 / Chapter 4.5.5 --- Genes encoding rice starch debranching enzyme (SDE) family --- p.141 / Chapter 4.5.5.1 --- The isoamylase gene --- p.141 / Chapter 4.5.5.2 --- The pullulanase gene --- p.141 / Chapter 4.5.5.3 --- Difference between isoamylose and pullulanase --- p.141 / Chapter 4.5.6 --- Comparison of the expression patterns of genes encoding the enzymes involved in starch synthesis in developing hybrid rice seeds --- p.143 / Chapter 4.6 --- Profiling the expression of genes encoding aspartate family amino acid biosynthetic pathway in rice in developing hybrid rice seeds --- p.145 / Chapter 4.6.1 --- Rice AK (aspartate kinase) gene --- p.145 / Chapter 4.6.2 --- The DHPS gene --- p.145 / Chapter 4.7 --- Two-dimension gel electrophoresis and MALDI-ToF seed proteins analysis of rice --- p.147 / Chapter Chapter 5. --- Discussion --- p.152 / Chapter 5.1 --- Super hybrid rice as experimental material and its significance --- p.152 / Chapter 5.2 --- RT-PCR and northern blotting as methods to profile gene expression --- p.153 / Chapter 5.3 --- Regulation of genes related to nutritional quality in rice --- p.155 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Storage protein genes --- p.155 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Lysine synthesis enzymes --- p.158 / Chapter 5.4 --- Regulation of genes related to cooking and eating quality in rice --- p.159 / Chapter 5.5 --- Heredity of genes expression in F1 hybrid --- p.161 / Chapter 5.6 --- Application of 2-D gel electrophoresis --- p.162 / Chapter 5.7 --- Future perspectives --- p.163 / Chapter Chapter 6. --- Conclusion --- p.164 / References --- p.170
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_324890 |
| Date | January 2004 |
| Contributors | Duan, Meijuan., Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Biology. |
| Source Sets | The Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| Language | English, Chinese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Text, bibliography |
| Format | print, xxvi, 194 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm. |
| Rights | Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
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