Cheng Chiu-Man. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-123). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.I / ABSTRACT --- p.III / 摘要 --- p.V / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.XII / LIST OF TABLES --- p.XV / LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS --- p.XVII / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- General Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Cancer Treatment Modalities --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Cancer Immunotherapy --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Immunomodulation --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Conventional immunotherapy --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3.2.1 --- Active immunotherapy --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3.2.2 --- Passive immunotherapy --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Novel immunotherapy --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3.3.1 --- Natural Products from Chinese Medicinal Herbs as BRMs --- p.9 / Chapter 1.4 --- Antitumor polysaccharides from Mushrooms --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Composition of mushroom antitumor polysaccharides --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4.1.1 --- β-glucan --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4.1.2 --- Heteroglucan --- p.11 / Chapter 1.4.1.3 --- Glycan and polysaccharide-protein complexes --- p.11 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Antitumor polysaccharides from Polyporaceae mushrooms --- p.14 / Chapter 1.4.2.1 --- Lentinan from Lentinus edodes --- p.16 / Chapter 1.4.2.2 --- Maitake from Grifola frondosa --- p.17 / Chapter 1.4.2.3 --- Polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum --- p.18 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Extraction and purification of Polysaccharides from Mushrooms --- p.19 / Chapter 1.4.4 --- Chemical modification --- p.20 / Chapter 1.5 --- Polyporus umbellatus (Zhuling) --- p.20 / Chapter 1.5.1.1 --- Nutritional Contents --- p.21 / Chapter 1.5.1.2 --- Medicinal properties --- p.21 / Chapter 1.6 --- The Objective of the Present Project --- p.23 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.25 / Chapter 2.1 --- Extraction --- p.25 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Hot-water extraction of crude Polyporus umbellatus polysaccharides --- p.25 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Cold-alkaline extraction of crude Polyporus umbellatus polysaccharides --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2 --- Purification of crude Polyporus umbellatus polysaccharides --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Preparation of DEAE-cellulose ion exchange column --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Fractionation of hot-water soluble crude polysaccharide (PU) --- p.29 / Chapter 2.3 --- Characterization of Polyporus umbellatus Polysaccharides --- p.30 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Carbohydrate content determination --- p.30 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Gas chromatography (GC) --- p.31 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Protein content determination --- p.32 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Uronic acid content determination --- p.33 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) --- p.34 / Chapter 2.4 --- In vivo Antineoplastic Assay --- p.35 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Animals --- p.35 / Chapter 2.4.1.1 --- BALB/c mice --- p.35 / Chapter 2.4.1.2 --- Athymic BALB/c mice --- p.36 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Maintenance of cell lines --- p.36 / Chapter 2.4.2.1 --- Murine sarcoma 180 --- p.36 / Chapter 2.4.2.2 --- Human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) --- p.37 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- S-180 tumor inoculation model using BALB/c mice --- p.37 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- MCF-7 tumor inoculation model using athymic nude mice --- p.38 / Chapter 2.4.5 --- Assay of antineoplastic activity with S-180 --- p.38 / Chapter 2.4.6 --- Assay of antineoplastic activity with MCF-7 --- p.39 / Chapter 2.4.7 --- Body weight change --- p.40 / Chapter 2.5 --- In vitro anti-proliferation assay --- p.41 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Cell lines --- p.41 / Chapter 2.5.1.1 --- Maintenance of cell lines --- p.41 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Assay of anti-proliferation with cancer cell lines --- p.42 / Chapter 2.5.2.1 --- Cytotoxicity assay on suspensions of cancer cells --- p.42 / Chapter 2.5.2.2 --- Cytotoxicity assay on adhesive cancer cells --- p.42 / Chapter 2.5.2.3 --- Cytotoxicity assay on normal cells --- p.43 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Trypan blue exclusion method --- p.43 / Chapter 2.5.4 --- MTT assay --- p.44 / Chapter 2.6 --- Cytokine determination --- p.45 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- Treatment of mice --- p.45 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for TNF-a production --- p.46 / Chapter 2.6.3 --- Analysis of mouse cytokine array --- p.47 / Chapter 2.6.3.1 --- Process of blocking and incubation --- p.47 / Chapter 2.6.3.2 --- Process of cytokine detection --- p.48 / Chapter 2.7 --- Statistical Analysis --- p.49 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- RESULTS --- p.50 / Chapter 3.1 --- Extraction of Polyporus umbellatus polysaccharides (PU) --- p.50 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Percentage of Yield in extraction of crude PU extracts --- p.50 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Percentage of yield in fractionation of PU fractions --- p.51 / Chapter 3.2 --- Chemical characterization of PUW fractions --- p.55 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Carbohydrate and protein contents of puw fractions --- p.55 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Relative content of monosaccharides and uronic acid in PUW fractions --- p.55 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Infrared spectra of PUW fractions --- p.59 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Molecular weight estimation of PUW fractions --- p.59 / Chapter 3.3 --- In vitro anti-proliferative assay --- p.64 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Anti-proliferative effects of PU fractions on suspension cancer cell lines --- p.64 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Anti-proliferative effects of PU fractions on adhesive cancer cell lines --- p.64 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Anti-proliferative effects of PU fractions on normal cell lines --- p.65 / Chapter 3.4 --- In vivo antineoplastic assay --- p.73 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- S-180 tumor inoculation model using BALB/c mice --- p.73 / Chapter 3.4.1.1 --- In vivo antineoplastic effect of crude extracts - PUW and PUAL --- p.73 / Chapter 3.4.1.2 --- In vivo antineoplastic effect of PUW --- p.73 / Chapter 3.4.1.3 --- In vivo antineoplastic effect of PU60 and PU80 --- p.78 / Chapter 3.4.1.4 --- In vivo antineoplastic effect of PU60a and b --- p.81 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- MCF-7 tumor inoculation model using athymic nude mice --- p.81 / Chapter 3.4.2.1 --- In vivo antineoplastic effect of PU60b --- p.81 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Identification of cytokines in the serum from healthy BALB/c mice using mouse cytokine array system --- p.89 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Effect of PU60b on TNF-α generation in healthy BALB/c mice studied with ELISA. --- p.93 / Chapter 3.4.5 --- Effect of PU60b on TNF-α generation in S-180 tumor bearing mice studied with ELISA --- p.93 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- DISCUSSION --- p.96 / Chapter 4.1 --- Extraction and Isolation of polysaccharide fractions --- p.96 / Chapter 4.2 --- Chemical characterization of PUw fractions --- p.97 / Chapter 4.3 --- In vitro anti-proliferative effect of PU fractions --- p.99 / Chapter 4.4 --- In vivo antineoplastic assay of PU fractions --- p.101 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- S-180 solid tumor model using BALB/c mice --- p.101 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- MCF-7 tumor in vivo model using athymic nude mice --- p.104 / Chapter 4.5 --- Estimation of Immunomodulatory properties of PU60b --- p.106 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Identification of cytokines in serum from healthy BALB/c mice --- p.106 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- CONCLUSIONS --- p.110 / REFERENCES --- p.112
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_324982 |
| Date | January 2004 |
| Contributors | Cheng, Chiu-Man., Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Biology. |
| Source Sets | The Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| Language | English, Chinese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Text, bibliography |
| Format | print, xvii, 123 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. |
| Rights | Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
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