Zhou, Linli. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 108-118). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / 論文摘要 --- p.iv / Abbreviations --- p.v / List of Figures --- p.vii / List of Tables --- p.ix / Table of Contents --- p.x / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Breast Cancer --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Introduction to Breast Cancer --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Types of Breast Cancer --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Epidemiologic Risk Factors and Etiology --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2 --- Estrogen and Breast Cancer --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3 --- Estrogen Receptor --- p.9 / Chapter 1.4 --- Current Treatment of Breast Cancer --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Chemotherapy --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Hormonal (Anti-Estrogen) Therapy --- p.11 / Chapter 1.4.2.1 --- Tamoxifen and Other Anti-estrogens --- p.12 / Chapter 1.4.2.2 --- Disadvantages of Tamoxifen --- p.13 / Chapter 1.5 --- Arsenic Trioxide --- p.14 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- The Characteristics of Arsenic Trioxide (AS2O3) --- p.14 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- The Medical use of Arsenic Trioxide (As2O3) --- p.16 / Chapter 1.5.3 --- Arsenic Trioxide (As2O3) in treating Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) --- p.17 / Chapter 1.5.3.1 --- Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) --- p.17 / Chapter 1.5.3.2 --- All-trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA) Treatment of APL --- p.18 / Chapter 1.5.3.3 --- Clinical Trial of the Arsenic Trioxide on APL --- p.19 / Chapter 1.5.3.4 --- In vitro and in vivo Study of Arsenic Trioxide (As2O3) in treating APL --- p.19 / Chapter 1.5.3.5 --- Common Side Effects of Arsenic Trioxide (As2O3) on APL --- p.21 / Chapter 1.5.4 --- Anti-cancer effect of Arsenic Trioxide on other cancers --- p.23 / Chapter 1.6 --- Aim of Study --- p.24 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.26 / Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.27 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Cell Lines and Culture Medium --- p.27 / Chapter 2.1.1.1 --- Cell Lines --- p.27 / Chapter 2.1.1.2 --- Culture Medium --- p.27 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Chemicals --- p.28 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Buffers and Reagents --- p.29 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Reagents for MTT Assay --- p.30 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- Reagents for DNA Fragmentation --- p.31 / Chapter 2.1.5.1 --- Reagents for DNA Extraction --- p.31 / Chapter 2.1.5.2 --- Reagents for Gel Electrophoresis --- p.31 / Chapter 2.1.6 --- Reagents for Western Blotting --- p.32 / Chapter 2.1.6.1 --- Reagents for Protein Extraction --- p.32 / Chapter 2.1.6.2 --- Reagents for SDS-PAGE --- p.33 / Chapter 2.1.7 --- Reagents for Flow Cytometry --- p.36 / Chapter 2.1.8 --- In Vivo Study --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2 --- Methods --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Cell Treatment --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Trypan Blue Exclusion Assay --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- MTT Assay --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Detection of DNA Fragmentation --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Flow Cytometry --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.5.1 --- Detection of Cell Cycle Pattern with PI --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.5.2 --- Detection of Apoptosis with Annexin V-PI --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.6 --- Western Blot Analysis --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.6.1 --- Protein Extraction --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.6.2 --- Protein Concentration Determination --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.6.3 --- Western Blotting --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.7 --- In Vivo Study --- p.44 / Chapter 2.2.7.1 --- Animal Model --- p.44 / Chapter 2.2.7.2 --- Treatment Schedule --- p.44 / Chapter 2.2.7.3 --- Toxicity of Arsenic Trioxide --- p.45 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Anti-Proliferation Effect of As2O3 on MDA-MB-231 cells --- p.47 / Chapter 3.1 --- Study the Anti-proliferation Effect of As2O3 on MDA-MB-231 Cells by MTT Assay --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2 --- Comparsion Anti-proliferation Effect of AS2O3 on MDA-MB-231 Cells to that of Tamoxifen --- p.50 / Chapter 3.3 --- "Study Toxicity of AS2O3 on Normal Breast Cells Line, 184B5" --- p.52 / Chapter 3.4 --- Summary --- p.54 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Mechanism of Growth Inhibition Effect of As2O3 on MDA-MB-231 cells --- p.56 / Chapter 4.1 --- Cell Cycle Analysis of As2O3 Treated MDA-MB-231 Cells --- p.57 / Chapter 4.2 --- Detection of DNA Fragmentation --- p.60 / Chapter 4.3 --- Detection of Apoptosis Induced by AS2O3 on MDA-MB-231 Cells by Flow Cytometry --- p.62 / Chapter 4.4 --- Regulation of Apoptotic Related Protein by As2O3 on MDA-MB-231 Cells --- p.64 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Expression Level of Bcl-2 and Bax Protein --- p.66 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Expression Level of Cytochrome C --- p.69 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Expression Level of Caspase9 --- p.71 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Expression Level of FasL --- p.73 / Chapter 4.4.5 --- Expression Level of Caspase8 --- p.75 / Chapter 4.4.6 --- Expression Level of Caspase3 --- p.77 / Chapter 4.4.7 --- Expression Level of Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase (PARP) --- p.79 / Chapter 4.4.8 --- Expression Level of p53 --- p.81 / Chapter 4.5 --- Regulation of Cell Cycle Related Protein by AS2O3 on MDA-MB-231 Cells --- p.83 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Expression Level of Cyclin B --- p.84 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Expression Level of Cyclin E --- p.86 / Chapter 4.6 --- Summary --- p.88 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- In Vivo Study of Anti-tumor Effect of As2O3 --- p.89 / Chapter 5.1 --- Anti-tumor Effect of AS2O3 on Tumor Bearing Nude Mice --- p.90 / Chapter 5.2 --- Toxic Effect of AS2O3 on Normal Tissues --- p.93 / Chapter 5.3 --- Summary --- p.98 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Discussion --- p.99 / Chapter 6.1 --- Anti-tumor Effect of AS2O3 on Breast Cancer --- p.100 / Chapter 6.2 --- Induction of Apoptosis and Cell Cycle arrest by AS2O3 --- p.101 / Chapter 6.3 --- Side Effect of AS2O3 on Breast Cancer Treatment --- p.103 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Future Perspectives --- p.105 / Chapter 7.1 --- Future Perspectives --- p.106 / References --- p.108
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:cuhk.edu.hk/oai:cuhk-dr:cuhk_326083 |
| Date | January 2007 |
| Contributors | Zhou, Linli., Chinese University of Hong Kong Graduate School. Division of Biochemistry. |
| Source Sets | The Chinese University of Hong Kong |
| Language | English, Chinese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Text, bibliography |
| Format | print, xiii, 118 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. |
| Rights | Use of this resource is governed by the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons “Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) |
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