Introduction: The perinatal period, which consists of pregnancy and up to one year postpartum, is considered a period of vulnerability. During this time, women are at higher risk than at other times in their lives of developing a mental health disorder, particularly anxiety and depressive disorders. Perinatal mental health disorders have a tremendous negative impact on not only the mother, but also their children who may develop cognitive, behavioural, and emotional problems that last well into adulthood. Emotion dysregulation has been implicated in both anxiety and depressive disorders and, due to endocrine changes during the perinatal period, may play an important role in perinatal mental health. Perinatal emotion dysregulation has yet to be explored. The purpose of this thesis was to 1) better understand the link between emotion dysregulation and perinatal mental health, 2) assess whether current perinatal treatments effectively target emotion dysregulation, and 3) develop an effective psychological treatment protocol for perinatal emotion dysregulation.
Methods: We designed and conducted three studies to meet our research aims. The first study compared emotion reactivity and emotion regulation, two aspects of emotion dysregulation, in perinatal women with an anxiety and/or depressive disorder to better understand perinatal emotion dysregulation. The second study examined the bidirectional relationship between Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) for perinatal anxiety and emotion dysregulation to examine whether emotion dysregulation moderates CBT treatment outcomes and whether CBT is an effective treatment modality for perinatal emotion dysregulation. This was examined in two samples of participants: participants from a randomized controlled trial and routine clinical care. In the third study, we developed a novel Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT) informed treatment program for perinatal emotion dysregulation and examined the effectiveness of the program through a pilot study.
Results: Our research revealed several important findings. First, heightened emotional reactivity may be a protective factor during the perinatal period; less flexibility in emotional reactivity and difficulties with emotion regulation were associated with worse perinatal mental health, and relationship dissatisfaction. Second, CBT was an effective treatment for low levels of emotion dysregulation but not for moderate or severe perinatal emotion dysregulation. Only 16% of routine clinical care participants and 28% of participants from the randomized controlled trial demonstrated clinically reliable change in emotion dysregulation. Emotion dysregulation did not moderate CBT treatment outcomes on anxiety or depression. This suggest that emotion dysregulation appears to be a distinct factor that may warrant more specialized treatment. Third, our short term, DBT informed, skills group was effective in significantly reducing perinatal emotion dysregulation. The DBT informed treatment may be more effective in targeting perinatal emotion dysregulation than CBT as illustrated by 48% of participants demonstrating clinically reliable change compared to the 16%-28% in the CBT treatment.
Conclusions: This line of research allows us to have a better understanding of perinatal emotion dysregulation and may aid in the development of best practice assessment and treatment guidelines for emotion dysregulation during the perinatal period. Limitations and future directions are discussed. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:mcmaster.ca/oai:macsphere.mcmaster.ca:11375/27780 |
| Date | 11 1900 |
| Creators | Agako, Arela |
| Contributors | Green, Sheryl M., McCabe, Randi E., Psychology |
| Source Sets | McMaster University |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis |
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