Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Energy efficiency and the move to renewable energy resources are of vital importance in
growing profitable and sustainable economies. In recent years, greater emphasis has been placed
on institutions, companies and individuals to reduce their electrical energy demand through
energy management. In an attempt to reduce the demand, the electrical power utility in South
Africa, Eskom, has introduced Demand Side Management programs and substantial increases in
electricity tariffs. In addition to these, tax incentives have been offered to help off-set the capital
costs associated with the investments made in replacing old electrical equipment with new
electrically efficient equipment. Thus the need for accurate Measurement and Verification of
electrical energy demand reduction, to substantiate fiscal claims, has become imperative. The
main purpose of Measurement and Verification is to investigate the actual monetary performance
of an energy savings project. Energy savings assessments, based on purely deterministic
baseline demand, do not adequately represent the statistical nature of the savings impacts of
many practical load systems, as disclosed in a reporting period. This thesis presents the
development of a generic probabilistic methodology to determine the demand profiles of preand
post-Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) for practical load systems. The difference
between the simulated demand of the pre- and post-ECMs for a particular set of variables
represent the electrical demand impact. The electrical demand of the pre- and post-ECMs is
defined in terms of Probability Density Functions, and derived using a multivariate kernel
density estimation algorithm. The approach is tested using a simulation model of a waterheating
geyser implemented in MATLAB. Three different ECMs are simulated using the geyser
model and demand density estimation. The results of the demand impacts of the ECMs are
presented and evaluated. With regards to possible future research this methodology could be
applied to the evaluation of the demand impacts of heat pump technologies and solar water
heaters. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: en die skuif na hernubare energiebronne is van deurslaggewende belang
vir die ontwikkeling van winsgewende en volhoubare ekonomieë. Onlangs is meer klem geplaas
op instansies, maatskappye en individue om hul aanvraag na energie te verminder met behulp
van energiebestuur. In ‘n poging om die aanvraag te verlaag, het Eskom, Suid-Afrika se
elektrisiteitsverskaffer, aansienlike elektrisiteitstariefverhogings ingelyf en
Aanvraagbestuursprogramme van stapel gestuur. Bykomend hiertoe is belastingaansporings ook
aangebied, waarteen kapitale kostes, geassosieer met die vervanging van ou elektriese toerusting
met nuwe elektries doeltreffende toerusting, afgeset kan word. Derhalwe het die behoefte aan
akkurate Meting en Verifikasie van elektriese energie aanvraagvermindering, om finansiële eise
te staaf, noodsaaklik geword. Die hoofdoel van Meting en Verifikasie is om die werklike
finansiële prestasie van energiebesparingsprojek te ondersoek soos bekend gemaak word
tydens ’n verslagdoeningstydperk. Energiebesparingassesserings wat slegs gebaseer word op die
suiwer deterministiese basislyn aanvraag na elektrisiteit, verteenwoordig nie die werklike
statistiese aard van die besparingsimpakte van baie praktiese lasstelsels nie. Hierdie tesis stel die
ontwikkeling van generiese waarskynlikheids-metodologie voor, om die voor- en na-
Energiebesparings-maatreëls se aanvraagprofiele vir sulke praktiese lasstelsels, vas te stel. Die
verskil tussen die gesimuleerde aanvraag van die voor- en na- Energiebesparings-maatreëls vir
spesifieke stel veranderlikes verteenwoordig die elektriese aanvraag impak. Die voor- en na-
Energiebesparings-maatreëls van die energieverbruik profieldata word gedefinieer in terme van
Waarskynlikheidsdigtheidsfunksies en afgelei deur gebruik te maak van meerveranderlike
kerndigtheidafskattingsalgoritme. Die benadering is getoets deur gebruik te maak van
simuleringsmodel van warmwaterstelsel geïmplimenteer in MATLAB. Drie verskillende
voor- en na- Energiebesparings-maatreëls is gesimuleer met behulp van die warmwaterstelselmodel
en aanvraag digtheidafskatting. Die resultate van die elektriese aanvraag impakte van die
voor- en na- Energiebesparings-maatreëls word vervolgens bespreek en geëvalueer. Met
betrekking tot moontlike toekomstige navorsing kan hierdie metodologie toegepas word om die
aanvraag impakte van hittepomp- en sonwaterverwarmingstegnologieë te evalueer.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:sun/oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/20071 |
| Date | 03 1900 |
| Creators | Urban, Graeme John |
| Contributors | Vermeulen, H. J., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept.of Electrical and Electronic Engineering. |
| Publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Language | en_ZA |
| Detected Language | Unknown |
| Type | Thesis |
| Format | 199 p. : ill. |
| Rights | Stellenbosch University |
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