Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study investigates the nature of Xitsonga deverbatives that are derived from three types of
syntactic verbs, namely intransitive verbs, monotranstive verbs and ditransitive verbs .The aim is to
determine the classes in which nominalisation occurs as well as to determine the semantic features
which occur with these deverbatives in various noun classes. The three types of verbs are further
distinguished into agentive verbs and non-agentive verbs. The deverbatives that are examined in this
study are arranged in terms of Levin (1993)’s semantic classification of verbs. The focus of this study
is on the verbs without derivational suffixes. However, few deverbatives with derived verbal forms
have been included. The nominal morphology of Xitsonga is also examined in this study
The study is conducted within the framework of four assumptions in morphology and lexical
semantics, namely lexeme-based theory, X-bar syntax, lexical semantic properties of verb classes
advanced by Levin (1993), and the Generative Lexicon theory advanced by Pustejovsky (1995),
specifically the assumption about the meta-entry for a lexeme. The study illustrates that nominalisation
in Xitsonga, in particular, and in African Languages in general occurs through the affixation of the
class prefix and the nominal suffix onto the verb stem.
The study found that the deverbal nominals occur in a similar morphological structure to that of nonderived
nouns. It was also demonstrated that Xitsonga deverbatives may be classified in terms of
Busa’s view of distinguishing between stage-level nominals and individual-level nominals. The study
has established that nominalisation in Xitsonga is a phenomenon that occurs in classes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 9, and 14 with both agentive and non-agentive verbs as verb stems. It however, found that the most
productive classes are 1, 3,5,7,and 14. The study demonstrated that class 1 deverbatives refer strictly
to humans, while deverbatives in other classes refer to various things. The data examined in this study
revealed that in general, Xitsonga deverbatives exhibit the following semantic features across various
noun classes: [Actor], [Experiencer], [Theme], [Patient] [Result], [Event], [Act], [State], [Artifact],
[Instrument]. [Excessive act], [Excessive state], [Place], [Expert], [Excessive actor], [Excessive
experiencer], [Excessive theme], and [Excessive patient]. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie ondersoek die aard van deverbatiewe naamwoorde in Xitsonga wat afgelei word vanaf drie
soorte werkwoorde, naamlik, intransitiewe, enkel-transitiewe en dubbel-transitiewe werkwoorde. Die
doelstelling van die studie is om te bepaal in watter naamwoordklasse nominalisering kan voorkom, en
wat die semantiese kenmerke is van die deverbatiewe wat in die verskillende naamwoordklasse
voorkom. Die drie tipes werkwoordklasse word voorts onderskei in terme van agentiewe en nieagentiewe
werkwoorde. Die deverbatiewe naamwoorde wat in die studie ondersoek word, word verder
onderskei volgens die klassifikasie van semantiese werkwoordklasse van Levin (1993). Die studie
fokus op naamwoorde afgelei van werkwoorde sonder afleidingsagtervoegsels. Nietemin is enkele
werkwoordvorme met afleidings-agtervoegsels ingesluit. Die studie ondersoek ook die
naamwoordmorfologie van Xitsonga.
Die studie is onderneem binne die raamwerk van vier breë weergawes van morfologie, sintaksis en
leksikale semantiek, naamlik morfeem-lekseem gebaseerde teorie, X-balk sintaksis, Levin (1993) se
semantiese werkwoordklas klassefikasie, en Generatiewe Leksikon Teorie van Pustejovsky (1995), in
die besonder die aanname van die meta-inskrywing vir die lekseem. Die studie bevestig dat
nominalisering in Xitsonga, soos in die Afrikatale in die algemeen, manifesteer deur die affiksering
van 'n prefiks en 'n suffiks aan die werkwoordstam waarvandaan die naamwoord afgelei word.
Die studie het bevind dat afgeleide naamwoorde in 'n soortgelyke morfologiese struktuur voorkom as
nie-afgeleide naamwoorde in Xitsonga. Daar is ook bevind dat Xitsonga deverbatiewe geklassifiseer
kan word in terme van Busa se onderskeid tussen fase-vlak en individuele-vlak nominate. Die studie
het bevind dat nominalisering in Xitsonga voorkom in klasse 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 en 14, afgelei van
sowel agentiewe as nie-agentiewe werkwoord stamme. Daar is bevind dat die mees produktiewe
klasse, klas 1, 3, 5, 7 en 14 is. Die studie het voorts aangetoon dat klas 1 deverbatiewe slegs mensverwysing
het, terwyl die deverbatiewe in ander klasse na 'n verskeidenheid semantiese entiteite
verwys. Volgens die data wat ondersoek is, volg dit dat Xitsonga deverbatiewe in die algemeen, die
volgende semantiese kenmerke vertoon oor die verskillende naamwoordklasse: [Akteur], [Ervaarder],
[Tema], [Pasiënt], [Resultaat], [Gebeurtenis], [Aksie], [Toestand], [Artifak], [Instrument], [Oordrewe
aksie], [Plek], [Ekspert], [Oordrewe akteur], [Oordrewe ervaarder], [Oordrewe tema] en [Oordrewe
pasiënt]. / NKOMISO: Dyondzo leyi yi kambisisa xivumbeko xa mavitimpfelelo ya Xitsonga lama ya pfelelaka ya suka eka
tinxaka tinharhu ta maendli ma le ka vulongoloxamarito, ku nga, maendli yo pfumala xiendliwa,
maendli ya xiendliwa xin’we, na maendli ya swiendliwa swimbirhi. Xikongomelo i ku lava ku
kumisisa mitlawa ya maviti leyi pfumelelaka mpfelelo wa maviti ku humelela ni ku kumisisa
swihlawulekisi swa tinhlamuselo leswi kumekaka eka mavitimpfelelo eka mitlawa yo
hambanahambana. Tinxaka tinharhu ta maendli ti tlhela ti hambanyisiwa ku ya hi maendli ya
nghingiriko ni maendli yo pfumala nghingiriko. Mavitimpfelelo lama kambisisiwaka eka dyondzo leyi
ma longoloxiwa hi ku ya hi maavelo ya maendli ya Levin (1993). Mhakankulu leyi dyondzo leyi yi
langutanaka na yona yi le ka maendli mo pfumala swilandzi swa mpfelelo. Hambiswiritano,
mavitimpfelelo ma nga ri mangani lama nga na swilandzi swa mpfelelo ma katsiwile eka dyondzo
leyi. Mofoloji ya Xitsonga ya kambisisiwa na yona eka dyondzo leyi.
Dyondzo leyi yi endliwa hi ku landza endlelo leri katsaka mavonelo ma mune eka mofoloji ni le ka
semantiki, ku nga Lexeme -based theory, X – bar syntax, lexical semantics properties of verb classes
leyi tumbuluxeke hi Levin (1993), na Generative Lexicon theory leyi tumbuluxeke hi Pustejovsky
(1995), ku kongomisiwa ngopfu eka meta-entry ya rito.Dyondzo leyi yi kombisa leswaku mpfelelo wa
maviti eka Xitsonga, hi ku kongomisa, na le ka tindzimi ta Xintima hi ku angarhela, wu va kona
hikokwalaho ka ku lungeleriwa ka xirhangi xa ntlawa na xilandzi xa riendli eka nsinya wa riendli.
Dyondzo leyi yi kumile leswaku mavitimpfelolo ma tirhisa xifaniso xa murhi xo fana na xa maviti mo
ka ma nga ri ma mpfelelo. Ku tlhele ku kombisiwa leswaku mavitimpfelelo ya Xitsonga ma nga aviwa
hi ku landza vonelo ra Busa (1996) ro hambanyisa exikarhi ka mavitipfelelo lama thyiwaka munhu hi
ku landza mhaka leyi humelelaka hi nkarhi wolowo ni lama ya thyiwaka munhu hi ku ya hi mhaka leyi
fambelanisiwaka na munhu wa kona, hambi a nga ri ku yi endleni hi nkarhi wolowo. Dyondzo leyi yi
kumile leswaku mpfelelo wa maviti eka Xitsonga I mhaka leyi humelelaka eka mitlawa ya maviti ya
1,3,4,6,7,8,9, and 14 eka maendli ya nghingiriko ni yo pfumala nghingiriko. Hambiswiritano, ku
kumekile leswaku mitlawa leyi mpfelelo wu humelelaka ngopfu eka yona I ya 1,3,5,7, and 14.
Dyondzo leyi yi kombisile leswaku mavitimpfelelo ma le ka ntlawa wa 1 ma kongomisa eka vanhu,
loko mavitimpfelelo ma le ka mitlawa yin’wana ma kongomisa eka swilo swo
hambanahambana.Vuxokoxoko lebyi kamberiweke eka dyondzo leyi byi paluxile leswaku hi ku
angarhela mavitimpfelelo ma humesa swihlawulekisi leswi landzelaka swa tinhlamuselo eka mitlawa
ya maviti yo hambanahambana: [Muendli], [Mutokoti], [Nkongomelo], [Mutwisiwa ku vava],
[Mbuyelo], [Xiendleko], [Nghingiriko], [Xiyimo], [Ximakiwa], [Xitirho], [Nghingiriko wo tlurisa],
[Xiyimo xo tlurisa], [Ndhawu], [N’wavuswikoti], [[Muendli wo tlurisa], [Mutokoti wo tlurisa],
[Nkongomelo wo tlurisa], na [Mutwisiwa ku vava wo tlurisa].
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:sun/oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/20151 |
| Date | 03 1900 |
| Creators | Hlungwani, Madala Crous |
| Contributors | Visser, M., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Science. Dept. of African Languages. |
| Publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Language | en_ZA |
| Detected Language | Unknown |
| Type | Thesis |
| Format | 1436 p. |
| Rights | Stellenbosch University |
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