Thesis (Msc Food Sc (Food Science))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / Extraction efficiency of soluble solids (SS), total polyphenols (TP) and xanthones (AlCl3 assay)
from dried, green Cyclopia subternata, as affected by mass-solvent ratio, extraction time and
solvents, was investigated. In addition the effect of solvent composition on extraction of mangiferin
and hesperidin was determined. Extraction of 5 g plant material as opposed to 0.5 and 1 g resulted in
lower recoveries of SS, TP and xanthones (P<0.05). Extraction of SS and TP increased during the
initial 20 min of contact time, where after it remained constant (P>0.05). Water, 33% acetonitrile,
ethanol (50, 80 and 100%), methanol (50 and 100%) and 70% acetone were investigated as
extraction solvents. Extraction for 30 min with 33% acetonitrile on a steam bath or 50% ethanol at
64°C on a water bath proved to be the most effective for extraction of SS, TP and xanthones, while
33% acetonitrile was most effective in extracting hesperidin from C. subternata. However, 70%
acetone was most effective in extracting mangiferin. A poor correlation (r = 0.54) was observed for
the total antioxidant activity (TAA) of C. subternata, as determined for water extracts and with the
mangiferin content determined by HPLC. A moderate correlation (r = 0.85) was, however, obtained
for TAA and TP content.
The mangiferin content of green C. subternata can be determined using the aluminium chloride
(AlCl3) colorimetric method. A moderate correlation (r = 0.87) was found for the xanthone content
of the plant material determined using the AlCl3 colorimetric method and mangiferin content
quantified by HPLC (y = 1.2x + 0.54) following extraction with hot water. For extraction using 33%
acetonitrile a weaker correlation (r = 0.74; y = 1.3x + 0.87) was found between the xanthone and
mangiferin contents. The xanthone content (determined by AlCl3) of the plant material as extracted
by the two solvents, correlated well (r = 0.91). Good correlations were also obtained, when
comparing extractions with water and 33% acetonitrile, for determination of the SS (0.94) and
mangiferin contents (r = 0.97) of the plant material.
Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was investigated as a rapid and more economical method for
prediction of mangiferin and xanthone contents of dried, green C. subternata plant material. NIR
spectroscopy calibration models can be used for screening purposes for the mangiferin and (SEP =
0.21 g.100 g-1; r = 0.82) and xanthone (SEP = 0.27 g.100 g-1; r = 0.81) contents.
The effect of various pre-drying treatments and storage temperatures on the colour, soluble SS,
TP, mangiferin and hesperidin contents of green C. subternata was investigated. By steaming green
C. subternata directly after maceration, its colour retention can be improved. Good stability was
shown for mangiferin and hesperidin during manufacture and storage of C. subternata.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:sun/oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/2468 |
| Date | 03 1900 |
| Creators | Maicu, Maria Christina |
| Contributors | Manley, Marena, Joubert, Elizabeth, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of AgriSciences. Dept. of Food Science. |
| Publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis |
| Format | 1302077 bytes, application/pdf |
| Rights | Stellenbosch University |
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