Assignment (MFor)--Stellenbosch University, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The ongoing environmental destruction that results from the continuous use of the woodland resources for
economic purposes has caused extensive changes in the original vegetation of Goba area of southern
Mozambique. Developing alternative sources of income for communities can reduce their dependence on
the production of charcoal, building materials and wood carvings. The lack of infrastructure and remoteness
of these localities from the markets make alternatives economically unfeasible and thus unsustainable for
rural development. Ineffective policy planning that does not address the problem in a holistic way causes
the dilemma of local people in remote areas. The challenge at Goba is to develop alternative livelihoods
that are economically, socially and ecologically sustainable. Nature-based tourism has been identified as
such an alternative to realize this goal. However, this development requires incentives for sustainable
resource use, which can be created either by expanding the benefits accruing from the efficient use of the
resource or by changing the distribution of the benefits and cost in favor of the users.
In many cases, local communities have developed tourism initiatives in ecologically fragile, remote areas,
without sound planning based on detailed ecological and socio-economic information. Uncontrolled flows of
tourists in unplanned tourist destinations degrade these areas. These destinations lose their aesthetic
appeal; tourism flow decreases and consequently new attractions are opened. This study is of a land use
planning nature and follows a combination of existing framework tools.
The primary aim of this study was to develop simple guidelines for nature-based tourism that contribute to
the conservation and management of the rural woodland areas as well as to the improved socio-economic
welfare of rural communities in the Goba area. The study used baseline information for planning, focusing
on the tourism market and on the ecological and socia-economical aspects of the siudy area. Two
strategies were used to obtain the information, namely market research and attraction resources analysis.
The market research in the southern part of Mozambique shows that: International tourist flows are at
present from Southern African countries mostly South Africa (more than 50%), North America, Europe and
Australia or Asia. Mozambique is perceived mainly as a sunny beach destination for vacations and
weekends though most of the tourists were engaged in multi-destination itineraries that included safari,
wildernesses, bird watching, touring and curiosity. There was no evidence from any tourist that nature
tourism was the reason to visit Mozambique, but many of them said that they would visit ecotourism and
nature tourism destinations if available. The average daily expenditure per tourist was found to be US$47.
Tourists from long-haul distances had higher disposable expenditures and stayed longer in both attraction assets and in the country. Sixty nine per cent (69%) of surveyed tourists were over 50 years of age and
they were mostly males (57%).
The results show clearly that many issues must be taken into consideration where the development of
ecotourism and nature-based tourism, especially in rural areas, is concerned. Such considerations should
include (i) careful planning of the destinations based on the local developmental policy; (ii) developing
saleable tourist products and packages and (iii), promotional strategies to expand the market to capture
tourists with high average daily expenditure. The rural communities can then have a chance to develop
nature-based tourism that uses outstanding natural resources.
The resources analysis study results revealed that: The rugged topographic, climatic conditions of Goba
water catchment area and the distance from settlements have naturally preserved local forest resources
from human utilization. The area has well conserved and differentiated natural scenic landscape. These
scenic landscapes have recreational values as well as environmental contrast, scientific discovery potential
and retention of vanishing biological species. To preserve or improve the management of these
landscapes, it is essential to consider recreation use in relation to all other potential values. Few existing
landscapes showed a relative ability to absorb impacts produced by facility development with a minimum
negative effect on the visual and ecological quality of the landscape. The majority of the landscapes have
some potential for primitive and sensitive recreational spectrum.
All these results are consistent with results from similar studies on watershed and water catchment
ecology. Given the constraints on the environmental settings of the Goba landscapes, it is recommended
that the basic and logic framework development should attract tourists interested in the more primitive
portion of the recreational spectrum and should have fewer facilities of small-scale building. These facilities
should be rustic in character with less service and more emphasis on self-reliance. Improved management
of the Goba ecosystem is needed to maintain the ecological functions of the catchment and local culture
and rurality.
In conclusion, this study suggests that, if on these remote fragile ecosystems local communities can protect
and market attractive quality-of-life-amenities, maintain a relatively low cost of living, and offer serviceable
links to global telecommunication infrastructures in order to attract tourists and retirees, these communities
can survive and may even thrive as local economies. An incentive planning method and sustained
extension outreach effort in rural development, which focuses on nourishing local action at the grassroots
level, will complement such a policy strategy. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Omvattende verandering van die natuurlike plantegroei in die Goba area van suiderlike Mosambiek is
teweeg gebring deur die deurlopende bentting van die omgewing deur die misbruik van die natuurlike
hulpbronne vir ekonomiese wins. Die ontwikkeling van alternatiewe inkomstebronne vir plaaslike
gemeenskap kan hul afhanklikheid van hout vir die produksie van houtskool, boumateriaal en
houtsneewerk verminder. Die gebrek aan infrastruktuur en die groot afstande na markte maak die verkoop
van die houtprodukte in stedelike gebiede onprakties en dus nie 'n volhoubare oplossing vir landelike
ontwikkeling nie. Oneffektiewe beleidsbeplanning wat die probleem nie holisites benader nie veroorsaak 'n
dilemma vir inwoners in afgeleë gebiede. Die uitdaging in Goba is om alternatiewe bronne van inkomste te
ontwikkel wat ekonomies, sosiaal en ekologies volhoubaar is. Natuurgebaseerde toerisme is geïdentifiseer
as 'n moontlike alternatief wat aan die doel kan beantwoord. Die ontwikkeling van eko-toerisme sal egter
net slaag indien die plaaslike bevolking genoegsaam aangemoedig word om die natuurlike hulpbronne op
'n volhoubare basis te benut. Dit kan gedoen word óf deur winste terug te ploeg in die omgewing en so die
toerisme basis te vergroot óf deur winsdeling op 'n gebruikersgunstige voordele- en kostebasis te behartig.
In baie gevalle het plaaslike gemeenskappe toerisme inisiatiewe in sensitiewe, afgeleë gebiede ontwikkel,
sonder deeglike beplanning wat op uitgebreide ekologiese en sosio-ekonomiese inligting berus. Die
onbeheerde toeriste aanloop na onbeplande areas lei tot die stelselmatige vernietiging daarvan. Hierdie
bestemmings verloor hul estetiese waarde en het tot gevolg dat toeriste ander ongerepte areas gaan soek.
Hierdie studie handeloor die beplanning van grondgebruik en volg 'n kombinasie van bestaande raamwerk
prosedure.
Die primêre doel van hierdie ondersoek is om eenvoudige riglyne vir natuurgebaseede eko-toerisme te
ontwikkel wat 'n bydra kan lewer tot die bewaring en bestuur van die natuurlike wonde en wat die sosioekonomiese
welvaart van die plaaslike bevolking van Goba sal bevorder. Die studie maak gebruik van
basiese inligting vir beplanning, en fokus op die toeristemark sowel as op die ekologiese en sosioekonomiese
aspekte van die studie-area. Die twee strategieë wat gevolg is om inligting in te win is
marknavorsing en die analise van toeriste-attraksie hulpbronne.
Marknavorsing in die suide van Mosambiek toon dat die meerderheid internasionale besoekers aan
Mosambiek afkomstig is van lande in Suidelike Afrika (Suid-Afrika alleen 50%), en daarna uit Noord-
Amerika, Europa and Australië/Asië. Mosambiek word hoofsaaklik as 'n sonnige strandoord-bestemming vir vakansies en naweke beskou, hoewel die meeste toeriste 'n multi-bestemming reisplan volg wat safaris,
ornitologie, reis en besoeke aan besienswaardighede insluit. Daar is geen bewys gevind dat enige toeris
Mosambiek besoek het met eko-toerisme as doel nie, maar baie sou belangstelom dit te doen indien ekoen
natuurgebaseerde toeriste-betemmings beskikbaar was. Die gemiddelde daaglikse uitgawe per toeris
was US$47. Toeriste wat groot afstande moes aflê om hul bestemming te bereik het meer beskikbare
fondse en bly langer, beide in die land en by verskillende attraksies. Van die toeriste by wie die opname
gemaak is 69% ouer as 50 jaar en die meerderheid (57%) was mans.
Die resultate toon dat daar talle faktore is om in ag te neem by die ontwikkeling van 'n landelike area vir
natuurgebaseede en eko-toerisme. Daar moet aandag gegee word aan (i) deeglike beplanning van die
bestemming gebaseer op die plaaslike ontwikkelingsbeleid; (ii) die ontwikkeling van verkoopbare toeriste
produkte en pakkette;en (iii), promosie strategieë om die mark uit te brei om toeriste wat meer spandeer te
lok. Die landelike gemeenskappe word sodoende die geleentheid gebied om hul besondere natuurlike
hulpbronne te ontwikkel vir natuurgebaseerde toerisme.
Die hulpbron-analise toon dat die afgeleë en bergagtige topografie en die klimaatsomstandighede van
Goba se wateropvangsgebied as natuurlike beskerming vir inheense woude teen die benutting deur die
plaaslike bevolking gedien het. Die area is goed bewaar met skouspelagtige natuurtonele. Die
skouspelagtige landskap beskik oor rekreasiewaarde sowel as omgewingskontras, potensiaal vir
wetenskaplike ontdekkings en vir bewaring van seldsame fauna en flora. Om hierdie landskap te bewaar of
die bestuur daarvan te verbeter, moet gebruik vir rekreasie in verhouding tot die ander potensiële waardes
beskou word. Daar is beperkte areas wat die vermoë besit om ontwikkeling te absorbeer en waar die
verbouing van fasiliteite slegs 'n minimale negatiewe effek op die visuele en ekologiese kwaliteit sal hê. Die
potensiaal bestaan egter vir alle areas om op 'n beperkte skaalontwikkel te word vir die primitiewe en
sensitiewe sektor van die rekreasie spektrum.
Die resultate van die vavorsing stem ooreen met soortgelyke studies van waterskeiding- en
wateropvangsgebied-ekologie en ontwikkeling. Vir die gegewe omgewingsbeperkings van Goba word dit
aanbeveel dat ontwikkeling op 'n basiese vlak geskied om daadie proporsie van die toeriste te lok wat in
die sogenaamde wildernis-ervaring belangstel. Geboue en beperkte fasiliteite moet slegs op klein skaal
opgerig word. Die fasiliteite moet by die omgewing inpas en die klem moet op selfvoorsiening eerder as op
dienstelewering val. Die bestuur van die Goba ekosisteem moet egter verbeter om die ekologiese funksie
en die plaaslike kultuur en landelikeid te behou. Die bevinding van die studie is dat indien ver-afgeleë en sensitiewe ekosisteme deur die plaaslike
bevolking bestuur en beskerm word, dit tot ekonomiese welvaart van die landelike gebiede kan lei. Hierdie
areas moet bestuur word sodat die landelike karakter as toeriste aantreklikheid behou word, dat die
lewenskoste relatief laag bly en dat verbindings met die buitewêreld op telekommunikasie vlak ingestel
word. Beplanning moet op 'n aansporingsbasis gegrond wees met uitreikingsprogramme met landelike
ontwikkeling as doel. Aanmoediging van plaaslike aksie op grondvlak behoort so 'n beleidstrategie te
versterk.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:sun/oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/52350 |
| Date | January 2001 |
| Creators | Soto, Samuel João |
| Contributors | Pepler, D., Milton, S. J., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of AgriSciences. Dept. of Forest and word Science.. |
| Publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Language | en_ZA |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis |
| Format | 96 p : ill. |
| Rights | Stellenbosch University |
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