Thesis (MScAgric (Animal Sciences))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate Dohne Merino sheep and Boer goats in terms of the
degradable parameters of a high-fibre diet, a low-fibre diet and two vegetable protein sources
commonly used in South Africa. Differences between species were evaluated following the potential
differences within species. The feedstuffs used were those for the following diets: low-fibre diet (LF);
high-fibre diet (HF); sunflower meal (SFM) oilcake; and soybean meal (SBM) oilcake.
In the first trial, the digestible characteristics of the HF and LF diets were determined by means of a
digestibility study. A 6 × 6 Latin square design was used to determine whether Dohne Merino sheep
or Boer goat wethers differ regarding the digestibility characteristics of low- and high-fibre diets. The
diets were fed once daily at 1.24 kg to all the wethers, which had ad libitum access to fresh water.
Each period consisted of 10 days of adaptation and seven days of faecal and urinary sampling. The
results indicated that the intake and digestibility characteristics of nutrients did not differ between
sheep and goats. However, the different diets differed in terms of the nutrient intake and digestibility
range of sheep and goats.
The second trial was an in sacco degradability trial to determine the dry matter (DM) and crude protein
(CP) degradability of the LF, HF, SBM and SFM diets. Six Dohne Merino and six Boer goat wethers
were fitted with rumen cannulae so that they could be used in the trial. All wethers received the same
basal diet. The samples were incubated in the rumen in polyester Dacron bags, with the bags being
removed at intervals of 0h, 3h, 9h, 12h, 24h, 48h, 72h, and 96h for the LF and HF diets. All the
oilcake was removed at intervals of 0h, 2h, 4h, 8h, 12h, 16h, 24h, 36h and 48h. The sheep and goats
were found not to differ from one another in terms of effective degradability of any of the feedstuffs
concerned. However, within species differences were observed.
To establish a fully integrated outcome of degradability, the study described in the current thesis was
structured in such a way that the in vitro trial ran parallel with the in sacco trial, being performed with
the aid of a Daisy Incubator (ANKOM Technology Corp., Fairport, NY). Such a procedure was only
adopted in relation to the SFM and SBM diets in order to evaluate their in vitro data in relation to the in
sacco data. The same oilcake was tested in the case of both trials, with the composite sample of
rumen liquid of four sheep or goats, which was used in the in sacco trial, also being used in the in vitro
study. In the study, DM disappearance values were determined and fitted to a single-compartment
model by means of an iterative least-square procedure in order to determine the DM and CP
degradability parameters. The DM used in vitro or in sacco was compared, using the actual values
obtained after 8h incubation, due to only a limited amount of residue being left after incubation. In the study, the in vitro method overestimated the digestibility of SBM by 37% to 39% and the digestibility of
SFM by 17% to 20% compared with that found to occur in the in sacco method. In vitro DM
disappearance values for all SBM samples were found to be higher than those that were detected in
the SFM samples. The percentage of in vitro true digestibility parameters was also calculated. No
significant differences were found between species for effective degradability, though differences were
observed within species between the two substrates concerned.
In conclusion, the sheep and goats used in the study were not found to differ in terms of digestion
parameters when they were compared on different types of roughage or protein sources. However,
within species differences were, indeed, found to occur. Sheep and goats digested the SBM better
than they did the SFM. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om te bepaal of Dohne Merino skape verskil van Boerbokke in terme
van degradeerbaarheidsparameters van ‘n hoë vesel-, ‘n lae veseldieët en twee plantaardige
proteïenbronne wat algemeen in Suid-Afrika gebruik word. Die verskille tussen spesies is ge-evalueer
en daarna die potensiële verskille binne spesies. Die volgende grondstowwe is geëvalueer: ‘n
laevesel-dieët (LF), ‘n hoëvesel-dieët (HF), sonneblom-oliekoekmeel (SFM) en sojaboon-oliekoekmeel
(SBM).
In die eerste proef is die degradeerbaarheidsparameters van die HF dieët en die LF dieët met behulp
van ‘n verteerbaarheidstudie bepaal. Dohne Merino hamels of Boerbok kapaters was gebruik om te
bepaal of skape en bokke verskil in terme van inname en degradeerbaarheid van voedingstowwe
wanneer hul hoë- en lae vesel voere gevoer word. Al die hamels en kapaters het ad libitum toegang
tot vars water gehad en hul was een keer per dag (1.24 kg) gevoer. Elke periode het bestaan uit ‘n 10
dag aanpassingsperiode en ‘n toegelate 7 dae vir mis- en urienmonster versameling. Die resultate het
aangedui dat die inname- en degradeerbaarheidsparameters van nutriënte beinvloed word deur
verskillende diëte binne spesies. Geen verskille is gevind tussen spesies wanneer daar hoë- en lae
kwaliteit voere gevoer is nie.
Die tweede proef was ‘n in sacco-degradeerbaarheidsstudie om te bepaal wat die droë materiaal
(DM) en ruproteïen (RP) verteerbaarheidsparameters van die HF dieët, die LF dieët, die SBM en die
SFM is. Ses Dohne Merino’s en ses Boer bokke met rumen kanullas is in die studie gebruik en al die
diere het dieselfde basale dieët ontvang. Die monsters is in die rumen geïnkubeer in poliester
dakronsakkies en die sakkies is verwyder na onderskeidelik 0 uur, 3 uur, 9 uur, 12 uur, 24 uur, 48 uur,
72 uur en 96 uur intervalle. Laasgenoemde intervalle was geldig vir die lae vesel- en hoëveseldieët.
Die oliekoeke se intervalle het verskil en is verwyder na 0 uur, 2 uur, 4 uur, 8 uur, 12 uur, 16 uur, 24
uur, 36 uur en 48 uur. Daar was geen verskille tussen spesies in effektiewe degradeerbaarheid nie,
alhoewel verskille voorgekom het binne spesies. Skape verteer veselagtige grondstowwe meer
effektief terwyl bokke weer hoë proteïn bevattende grondstowwe beter verteer.
Om ‘n volkome geïntegreede uitkoms van degradeerbaarheid te bewerkstellig is die in vitro proef en
die in sacco proef gelyktydig gedoen. Die in vitro-degradeerbareheidstudie is met behulp van ‘n
ANKOM Daisy Inkubeerder uitgevoer (ANKOM Tegnologie Korp., Fairport, NY) vir net die oliekoek
behandelings. Gedurende die studie is dieselfde oliekoeke gebruik. ‘n Saamgestelde monster van
die rumenvloeistof van vier van die skape of bokke wat vir die in sacco-studie gebruik was, is gebruik
vir die in vitro-inkubasie van die monsters. DM verdwyningparameters is bereken en dan met ‘n
interaktiewe kleinste kwadraat prosedure op ‘n een-kompartement model gepas om die in sacco DMdegradeerbaarheidsparameters
te bepaal. Die DM verdwyning, na 8h inkubasie, was gebruik om die in vitro en die in sacco metodes met mekaar te vergelyk, weens ‘n beperkte residu na die afloop van
die elke inkubasiestudie. Tydens die studie het die in vitro metode degradering oorskat in vergelyking
met die in sacco metode. DM verdwyningswaardes vir al die SBM monsters was hoër in vitro as die
SFM monsters. In die studie is die persentasie in vitro ware degradeerbaarheidswaardes bereken.
Geen verskille is opgemerk tussen spesies vir effektiewe degradeerbaarheid nie. Daar was wel
verskille binne spesies.
Om af te sluit het dit voorgekom dat skape en bokke nie verskil aan degradeerbaarheidswaardes
wanneer daar ‘n vergelyking was tussen verskillende vesels- en proteϊenbronne nie, alhoewel verskille
voorgekom het binne spesies. Skape en bokke het SBM effektief beter verteer as SFM.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:sun/oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/5303 |
| Date | 12 1900 |
| Creators | Visagie, Willem |
| Contributors | Van de Vyver, W. F. J., University of Stellenbosch. Faculty of Agrisciences. Dept. of Animal Sciences. |
| Publisher | Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | Unknown |
| Format | 75 p. : ill. |
| Rights | University of Stellenbosch |
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