Several experiments were conducted to evaluate the ensiling of potato hash
(PH) during the period. In the first experiment, a laboratory study was conducted to
determine the nutritive value and ensiling potential of PH with poultry litter (PL) and
ground hay as absorbents, and whey and molasses as additives. Triplicate samples of
PH, PL and hay were collected and sampled for nutritive composition. Mixtures of
800 g PH/kg + 200 g/kg (as is basis) of either PL or hay were produced and treated
with: no additive, whey and molasses. The experiment was conducted in a 2 x 3
factorial design (2 absorbents x 3 additives). Mixtures were ensiled in 108 anaerobic
jars (1.5L) with 18 jars per treatment, and were stored at 24 - 28°C room temperature.
Sampling was done on days 0, 4, 10, 20, 40, 60 and 90 for the determination of
fermentation quality and nutritive value of the silage. Further, an aerobic stability test
was done on day 90 by exposing silage to air for 5 days.
The results showed that PH had 845 g/kg moisture, 11.4 metabolizable energy
(ME) MJ/kg, 105 g crude protein (CP) /kg dry matter (DM) and 704 g starch/kg DM.
Ensiling PH with ground hay compared to PL as an absorbent, resulted in a better
quality silage as indicated by improved fermentation characteristics and chemical
composition. Whey and molasses addition improved the nutritive value and the
fermentation quality of PH silage but the aerobic stability was not improved.
In the second experiment, potato hash silage (treated with no additive, whey
and molasses) was produced by mixing 800 g PH/kg with 200 g hay/kg (as is basis),
and ensiled in 210 L drums for 90 days, and the fermentation quality of the silages
was determined thereafter. Diets containing either potato hash silage (PHS) or maize (Zea mays) silage (MS) were formulated and fed ad libitum to 32 South African
Dorper lambs (23.5 ± 0.873 kg live weight) for 63 days. A digestibility study was
conducted during the last week of the study. Furthermore, digestibility of the 3 PHS
were compared using 9 sheep in a 3 x 3 Latin square design. The untreated potato
hash silage (UPHS) was poorly fermented as indicated by higher (P<0.05)
concentration of butyric acid, ammonia-N and pH compared to the other silages.
Higher (P<0.05) dry matter intake (DMI) and daily gains (218 and 250 g/d) were
obtained in lambs fed maize silage diet (MSd) and molasses treated potato hash silage
diet (MPHSd) compared to the other diets. Nutrient digestibility was lower (P<0.05)
in the UPHS diet compared to the other dietary treatments. The fermentation quality
of PH was improved with whey and molasses addition. However, the growth
performance was improved (P<0.05) with the MSd and MPHSd, suggesting that
MPHSd can replace MSd in lamb diet at 20 % dietary inclusion level without any
adverse effect on animal performance.
In the third experiment, PH was mixed with wheat bran (70:30) as fed basis
and ensiled in 210 L drum for 90 days. Three types of PHS : control, bonsilage forte
(BF) and Lalsil Fresh LB(LFLB) were produced. After 3 months, the silos were
opened and sampled for fermentation characteristics. Diets were produced by mixing
PHS with soybean meal (90:10) as fed basis and a digestibility study was conducted
using five South African Mutton Merino rams (37.2 ± 2.21 kg liveweight) per diet.
Inoculating PHS with BF and LFLB reduced (P<0.05) pH, WSC, butyric acid and
ammonia N while increasing the concentration of lactic acid compared to the control.
A higher concentration of acetic acid was obtained with LFLB inoculation, which
improved the aerobic stability of silage compared to the other silages. Intakes of dry
(DM) and organic matter (OM) were not affected. Gross energy (GE) and CP of silage were improved (P<0.05) with BF and LFLB inoculations. Inoculants increased
CP, GE and amylase treated neutral detergent fibre (aNDF) digestibility, but did not
alter DM or OM digestibility. Inoculating silage with BF improved (P<0.05)
digestibility of ether extract compared to the other treatments, and both inoculants
improved (P<0.05) N intake and retention compared to the control. It is concluded
that BF and LFLB improved silage fermentation and diet digestibility of CP, aNDF
and gross energy. Inoculation with LFLB improved aerobic stability whilst BF
inoculation reduced it.
In the fourth experiment, totally mixed rations (TMRs) that contained 804 g
PH/kg were ensiled in 1.5 L jars with or without Lalsil Fresh Lactobacillus buchneri
(LB) for 3 months. Jars were opened on days, 0, 3, 7, 10, 21, 45, 60 and 90 of ensiling
and sampled for fermentation and chemical composition determinations. Aerobic
stability was determined on day 90 of ensiling. Treatments were LB treated TMR
(LB-TMR) and untreated TMR (U-TMR). Furthermore, three TMRs that contained
801 g/kg of either maize (280 g DM/kg) or PH (as fed basis) were ensiled for 90 days
in 210 L drums for lamb growth and digestibility studies. The ensiled TMRs were:
Maize TMR (M-TMR), U-TMR and LB-TMR and were fed to 24 South African
Dorper lambs (20± 0.152 kg live weight) that were allocated in 8 lambs per diet.
Inoculation with LB decreased (P<0.05) pH, butyric acid, NH3-N, fibre fractions, CO2
production and yeast population while lactic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid
concentrations were increased (P<0.05) compared to U-TMR silage. The ensiled LBTMR
was aerobically more stable than U-TMR silage as indicated by lower (P<0.05)
CO2 production and yeast population and higher concentrations of acetic acid. Higher
(P<0.05) feed intake, average daily gain (ADG), nutrient digestibility and N retention
occurred in LB-TMR silage compared to the other silages. It was concluded that LB is effective in producing a better quality PHS, as indicated by improved fermentation,
aerobic stability, lamb growth performance and digestibility of LB-TMR silage.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:ufs/oai:etd.uovs.ac.za:etd-10172011-125701 |
| Date | 17 October 2011 |
| Creators | Nkosi, Bhutikini Douglas |
| Contributors | Prof HJ van der Merwe, Prof R Meeske, Prof IB Groenewald |
| Publisher | University of the Free State |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Language | en-uk |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | http://etd.uovs.ac.za//theses/available/etd-10172011-125701/restricted/ |
| Rights | unrestricted, I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained and attached hereto a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted is the same as that approved by my advisory committee. I hereby grant to University Free State or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified below, my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report. |
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