Thesis (MPH.) -- University of Limpopo, 2014 / Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance,
impaired fasting glucose, undiagnosed type 2 diabetes and its associated risk factors among adults
patients attending the outpatient department of a level one hospital in a rural community of Barkley West,
South Africa.
Research methodology: This was a cross-sectional survey conducted by a simple random sampling of
adults patients F 30 years old. Patients were screened using the American Diabetes Association and the
World Health Organisation criteria. First, patients underwent the 75g oral glucose tolerance test and
secondly, the 12-hours fasting plasma glucose tests after pre-test results of 5.5 mmol/L were obtained
considered as positive for screening. To determine the prevalence of IGT, IFG, and undiagnosed type 2
diabetes; tests were conducted using both the capillary finger puncture and the laboratory methods. To
ensure validity and reliability, each patient underwent two tests (fasting and random) by the capillary finger
puncture method and two tests (fasting and random) by the laboratory method.
Results: Eighty-five (85) questionnaires were distributed, supervised and returned by a research assistant,
which brought the response rate to 100%. All patient known living with diabetes mellitus was not included in
the study. The prevalence of IGT was 34.1% [34% for females and 9.4% for males] and that for IFG was
23.6% [25% for females and 6.0% for males]. The prevalence of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes discovered
during the survey was 9.3% by 2-hours 75g glucose tolerance test [8.2% for females and 1.1% for males]
and that by 12-hours fasting plasma glucose, the prevalence was 5.8% [4.7% for females and 1.1% for
males].The associated risk factors were physical inactivity, overweight and obesity, unhealthy diet, alcohol
consumption, hypertension, smoking habit, family history of diabetes, social deprivation and poverty. The
prevalence of hyperglycaemia was also high among female patients due to a higher BMI with 25%
overweight (females 18% overweight, males 7% overweight) and 75% obese (females 54% of obesity,
males 21% of obesity); higher waist circumference with higher abdominal fat (females 71.7% had a W/C F
88 cm, males 28% had a W/C F 102 cm.); and a larger waist-to-hip ratio (females 61.1% had WHR > 0.85,
males 7% had a WHR > 1.0). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for IGT
were 34%, 86%, 25%, and 86% and those for IFG were 24%, 86%, 19%, and 86% respectively. IGT
sensitivity was greater than IFG sensitivity.
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Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of IGT, IFG and undiagnosed type 2 diabetes specifically
among female patients. The ten percent difference of sensitivity between the two tests showed that the
WHO diagnostic criteria produced more patients with the pathology than the ADA diagnostic criteria do.
Patients attending the outpatient department of a level one hospital in Barkley West are at high risk of
developing type 2 diabetes and remain unidentified, undetected, unscreened, undiagnosed and untreated.
Obesity at primary health care level in the rural community of Barkley West needs to be addressed.
. Keywords: Impaired glucose tolerance, prevalence, diabetes, screening, anthropometric measurements
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:ul/oai:ulspace.ul.ac.za:10386/1337 |
| Date | January 2014 |
| Creators | Kitenge, Tshibwila Gabin |
| Contributors | Mpolokeng, M. B. L. |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis |
| Format | xvii, 64 leaves |
| Relation | Adobe Acrobat Reader, version 7 |
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