Thesis (MPH.) -- University of Limpopo, 2020 / Background:
In South Africa, the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act (CTOP) (No. 92 of 1996)
promotes a woman's reproductive right and choice to have an early, safe and legal
abortion. Pregnancy termination among young women constitutes a public health problem
particularly in South Africa where high prevalence of abortion has been recently recorded.
HIV acquisition is increased two to four-fold during pregnancy, due to biological and
behavioural factors including immunological changes, hormonal changes affecting the
genital tract mucosa, higher frequency of unprotected sex and incident sexually
transmitted infections (STIs) during pregnancy. There is a growing interest in exploring
maternal mental health effects of unintended pregnancies. However, the evidence base
from a small number of available studies is characterized by considerable variability,
inconsistency and inconclusive findings. Therefore, the primary objective of this study
was to investigate the prevalence of HIV and its association with termination of pregnancy
at Seshego Zone 4 clinic in Limpopo Province.
Methodology:
A cross-section descriptive retrospective review study in which convenience sampling of
the records of women who terminated pregnancies was used in this study. The key
variable of interest in this study was HIV results and all patients records without evidence
of HIV testing, and the associated results were excluded. A self-designed data extraction
tool was used to extract the data from patients records and tool covered variables such
as the age of the women, educational status, marital status, occupational status, year and
month of termination of pregnancy, gestational age, parity, and gravidity, method of
contraceptive used, HIV status, ARV and ARV regimens. Data analysis was done using
the STATA statistical software version 12 for Windows (STATA Corporation, College
Station, Texas).
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Results:
The mean age was 24.98 years SD±14.4 and majority of women who terminated
pregnancies were in the age group 20 – 24 years at 35.7% and the least number of
women who terminated pregnancies were in the age groups ≥ 40 years and ≤ 14 years
at 2.3% and 0.3% respectively. Majority of the women who terminated pregnancies had
parity of 1 – 2 at 47.4% followed by parity of zero at 42.3% and 3 – 4 at 9.9%. Majority of
the women who terminated pregnancies were in gravida 1 at 42.8% followed by those
with gravida 2 at 27.1% and those who were pregnant between the 3rd and 4th time were
26.9%. There was a statistical significance difference (p<0.001) of the use of
contraceptives by age groups and also in relation to parity and similarly to gravidity.
The prevalence of HIV amongst women who terminated pregnancies in the current study
was found to be 11.6% and this was high in 2018 at 10.5% followed by 2019, 2015 and
2016 at 10.3%, 9.2% and 9.1% respectively. The prevalence of HIV amongst women who
terminated pregnancies increased with increasing level of education from 4.1% amongst
women who had primary or no educational level the followed by 9,0% and 13.6% in
women who had secondary and tertiary educational level respectively. The risk of women
who terminate pregnancies being HIV positive in the current study increased significantly
with increasing age as older women were 1.9 times more likely to be HIV positive as
compared to younger ones (p=0.004)
Conclusion:
The findings of this study highlight the need to address the structural socio-economic
drivers of the HIV epidemic among women of child-bearing age. Women of child-bearing
age in this setting have large unmet reproductive health needs. Structural interventions,
such as increasing contraceptive use which may be useful for reducing the burden of
unplanned pregnancies.
Key concepts
Human immunodeficiency virus, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, Termination of
pregnancy, Parity and Gravidity.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:ul/oai:ulspace.ul.ac.za:10386/3761 |
| Date | January 2020 |
| Creators | Molepo, Avian Mantoa |
| Contributors | Maimela, E., Ntuli, T. S. |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis |
| Format | xii, 62 leaves |
| Relation |
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