[pt] A energia é o principal motor para o desenvolvimento econômico, sendo um elemento chave para o alcance das metas climáticas estipuladas até 2050. Entre as diversas maneiras relacionadas à mitigação dos impactos causados pelo uso ineficiente de energia das edificações, destacam-se a substituição de combustíveis fósseis por fontes de energia limpa e a redução do consumo energético pelo lado da demanda. Neste contexto, sistemas fotovoltaicos integrados a edificações surgem como uma solução arquitetônica promissora por atingir ambos os objetivos em uma só intervenção. Contudo, não há estudos relacionados ao impacto desta tecnologia no desempenho energético de edificações considerando o contexto climático brasileiro, sendo este então o escopo deste trabalho. A metodologia proposta envolve simulações com o software Rhinoceros, os plugins Ladybug e Honeybee, que realizam análises sob aspectos ambientais, e o Grasshopper, cuja função é realizar otimização mono-objetivo. Para edificações simuladas com apenas uma fachada fotovoltaica sendo implementada, foi possível obter a redução de até 14,39 porcento da demanda energética, considerando a geração adicionada à conservação de energia. Na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, a redução da demanda de energia alcançou a marca de 24,04 porcento com quatro fachadas de fotovoltaica implementada. Apesar de alguns contextos climáticos se mostrarem mais vantajosos, ressalta-se que foram detectadas reduções na demanda energética em todas as cidades investigadas, sendo então a integração de sistemas fotovoltaicos orgânicos a edificações uma medida eficaz de conservação e geração de eletricidade. / [en] In a global context where climate change has been in evidence, research related to technologies which aim to reduce the damages caused by global warming have been increasing. Since energy is the engine to sustainable economic development, it is considered a key element to reach the goals set by the Paris Climate Agreement. The strategies to manage energy in a sustainable way can be divided in two fields: using clean energy, rather than fossil fuels like coal; and by reducing the energy demanded by consumers. In Brazil, buildings are responsible for 50.5 percent of the energy demand (Lira et al., 2019) and when analyzing commercial buildings, it is stated that HVAC systems take up to 40.3 percent of all the energy consumed (PROCEL, 2008). Such number is expected to increase up to three times until 2050 and is considered one of the blind spots of energy efficiency policies (IEA, 2018). Although Brazil has national energy efficiency policies, such as the Technical Quality Regulation for the Buildings Energy Efficiency Level – RTQ (acronym for the Portuguese term Regulamento Técnico da Qualidade para o Nível de Eficiência Energética de Edificações) the use of HVAC systems and its energy demand is not emphasized and newer technologies such as solar energy are considered a bonus. Such gap is because the RTQ was first published in 2010, while the generation of photovoltaic energy was only regulated in 2012.
Photovoltaic energy has a remarkable potential in Brazil, especially in the north and northeast regions due to its high irradiation levels (INPE, 2017). In on-grid systems, it is possible to lend the exceeded energy generated and have its compensation in a 1:1 proportion when needed, which not only reduces system losses, but also is able to increase the number of photovoltaic facilities. Another possibility is the partition of the energy generated by a photovoltaic system between multiple people in the same building which had consequently the incentive of building integrated photovoltaics. Building integrated photovoltaics, also known as BIPV, can be defined as the substitution of an element of the building envelope by another with photovoltaic cells. Recent studies have shown that building integrated photovoltaics are not only capable of generating energy, but due to thermal properties of solar cells compared to regular materials, there is also a reduction in HVAC demand, especially air-conditioning. Photovoltaic cells are usually integrated in windows, but can also be used in skylights, curtainwalls, shading devices and walls (Eisenschmid, 2008). Such variety is possible due to the development of new technologies, which are lighter and semi-transparent (Lynn, Mohanty and Wittkopf, 2012). One example is organic photovoltaic cells (OPV), which Brazil is one of the leading producers worldwide. Therefore, it is a technology with a considerable potential in the country not only due to its availability but also of skilled labor for installation and maintenance.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:puc-rio.br/oai:MAXWELL.puc-rio.br:55120 |
| Date | 30 September 2021 |
| Creators | ANNA CAROLINA PERES SUZANO E SILVA |
| Contributors | RODRIGO FLORA CALILI, RODRIGO FLORA CALILI, RODRIGO FLORA CALILI, RODRIGO FLORA CALILI |
| Publisher | MAXWELL |
| Source Sets | PUC Rio |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | TEXTO |
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