The objective of this study was to determine the effect of time, temperature and
organic matter on disinfectant efficacy. Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Salmonella
Typhimurium (ST) were used as organisms to represent Gram positive and Gram
negative bacteria, respectively, commonly found in poultry housing. Three independent
experiments evaluated the effect of temperature, time, and organic matter on the efficacy
of working concentrations of disinfectants against representative organisms found in
commercial poultry housing. Quaternary ammonium, chlorhexidine, phenolic and
binary ammonium based solutions represented disinfectants commonly used within the
poultry industry. Results from these experiments indicated that long term storage of
disinfectants will reduce their efficacy against SA. However, a reduction (p ≤ 0.05) in
efficacy was observed with the phenolic compound against ST at elevated temperatures.
Following the inclusion of organic matter (OM), reduced (p ≤ 0.05) efficacy of all
disinfectants was observed in a dose dependent manner against both organisms, with the
exception of the phenolic compound against SA. Fresh disinfectant performed better (p ≤ 0.05) in the presence of OM than 30 wk old disinfectant. These results emphasize the
need to use fresh disinfectants and that OM should be removed prior to disinfection.
We also evaluated the effect of bismuth citrate, lactose and citric acids on the
development of necrotic enteritis in broilers. Clostridium perfringens’ associated
necrotic enteritis in poultry causes significant loss and increased morbidity in the
industry. Due to the reduced usage of antibiotic growth promoters, the incidence of
necrotic enteritis has increased. These experiments evaluated different levels of bismuth
citrate and bismuth citrate with lactose or citric acid added, on lesion development,
bacterial intestinal colonization of C. perfringens and pH levels in the gut of broilers
orally challenged with C.perfringens. Results from this investigation indicate that
bismuth citrate at 100 ppm and 200 ppm caused a reduction (p ≤ 0.05) in C. perfringens
colonization and intestinal lesion development. The addition of dietary lactose to
bismuth citrate enhanced the effect of bismuth citrate on intestinal lesion development.
These data suggest that bismuth citrate alone or in combination with dietary lactose will
reduce intestinal lesion development in broilers with necrotic enteritis.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:tamu.edu/oai:repository.tamu.edu:1969.1/ETD-TAMU-3237 |
| Date | 15 May 2009 |
| Creators | Stringfellow, Kendre Duaron |
| Contributors | Farnell, Morgan B |
| Source Sets | Texas A and M University |
| Language | en_US |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Book, Thesis, Electronic Thesis, text |
| Format | electronic, application/pdf, born digital |
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