<p>U ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji ispitan je hemijski sastav i biološke aktivnosti<br />ekstrakata deset samoniklih taksona roda <em>Allium</em> sect. <em> Codonoprasum: A. carinatum</em> subsp. <em>pulchellum, A. carinatum </em> subsp. <em>carinatum, A. fuscum </em> var. <em>gracile, A. fuscum </em> var. <em>fuscum, A. flavum</em> subsp. <em>flavum, A. melanantherum, A. paniculatum </em> subsp. <em> marginatum, A. pallens</em> subsp. <em>tenuiflorum, A. oleraceum </em>i <em> A. rhodopeum</em>, sakupljenih na 27 lokaliteta u Srbiji. Cilj rada bio je da se dobiju podaci o sadržaju biološki aktivnih jedinjenja u ovim, do sada veoma malo ispitanim vrstama roda <em>Allium</em>, i utvrdi njihova potencijalna lekovita vrednost.</p><p>Analiza hemijskog sastava obuhvatila je: analizu volatilnih komponenti svežih <br />lukovica primenom headspace GC-MS tehnike, kvalitativnu analizu metanolnih <br />ekstrakata primenom tečnohromatografskih metoda (LC-DAD-MS i LC-MS-MS), <br />kvantitativnu analizu odabranih fenolnih jedinjenja LC-MS-MS tehnikom, određivanje sadržaja ukupnih monomernih antocijana i određivanje aktivnosti aliinaze. Ispitivanja bioloških aktivnosti ekstrakata obuhvatila su: određivanje antioksidantne, antiinflamatorne, antimikrobne, antimutagene i genotoksične aktivnosti, kao i ispitivanje uticaja na rast zdravih i tumorskih ćelija i sposobnosti indukcije ćelijske smrti. </p><p>Sumiranjem dobijenih rezultata može se zaključiti da ispitivani predstavnici roda <br /><em>Allium </em> sect. <em>Codonoprasum </em> predstavljaju bogate izvore biološki aktivnih jedinjenja sa širokim spektrom bioloških aktivnosti. Sa hemotaksonomskog aspekta značajno je da se dimetil-disulfid izdvaja kao najdominantnija i često jedina isparljiva komponenta, da ekstrakti većine vrsta sadrže veliku količinu flavonoida (prvenstveno derivata kvercetina), da se vrste <em> A. pallens </em> i <em>A. oleraceum</em> izdvajaju od ostalih po tome što ne sadrže rutin a sadrže hiperozid, da je vrsta <em> A. rhodopeum</em> siromašna fenolnim jedinjenjima i da su sve vrste, osim vrste <em>A. flavum</em>, bogate antocijanima. Aktivnost aliinaze je visoka u svim ispitivanim vrstama. Većina ispitivanih ekstrakata, izuzev ekstrakata vrsta <em>A. carinatum </em>i <em>A. melanantherum</em>, pokazala je izraženu antioksidantnu aktivnost, dok su ekstrakti vrsta <em>A. flavum</em>, <em>A. rhodopeum</em>, <em>A. oleraceum </em>i <em>A. paniculatum </em>snažni antiinflamatorni agensi. Ekstrakti ispitivanih predstavnika sect. <em> Codonoprasum </em>nisu pokazali antimikrobnu i antimutagenu aktivnost. Takođe, ovi ekstrakti nisu ispoljili genotoksični efekat na ćelije zdravog tkiva (izuzev slabog genotoksičnog efekta ekstrakta nadzemnih delova <em> A. flavum</em>), što ukazuje na bezbednost upotrebe vrsta sect. <em>Codonoprasum </em> kao hrane ili u obliku lekova. Ekstrakti celih biljaka <em>A. paniculatum</em> i <em>A. rhodopeum</em>, kao i ekstrakt nadzemnih delova <em>A. melanantherum</em> pokazali su snažnu antiproliferativnu aktivnost sa povoljnim ne-tumor/tumor koeficijentima i indukovali apoptozu u tumorskim ćelijama, iz čega se može zaključiti da imaju visok potencijal primene u antitumorskoj terapiji. </p> / <p>In the present doctoral thesis the chemical composition and biological activities of <br />10 wild growing taxa of genus <em>Allium</em> sect. <em>Codonoprasum</em> (<em>A. carinatum </em> subsp. <br /><em>pulchellum, A. carinatum </em> subsp. <em>carinatum, A. fuscum </em> var. <em>gracile, A. fuscum</em> var. <br /><em>fuscum, A. flavum </em> subsp. <em>flavum, A. melanantherum, A. oleraceum, A. paniculatum</em><br />subsp. <em>marginatum, A. pallens</em> subsp. <em>tenuiflorum</em> and <em>A. rhodopeum</em>) were investigated. The samples were collected from 27 locations in Serbia. The aim of the study was to obtain data on the content of biologically active compounds in extracts of these unexplored species of the genus Allium and to determine their potential medicinal value.</p><p>Phytochemical caracterisation included: headspace GC-MS analysis of fresh bulb <br />volatiles, LC-DAD-MS and LC-MS-MS qualitative analysis of methanol extracts, LC-MS-MS quantitative analysis of 44 selected phenolic compounds in methanol extracts, determination of total monomeric anthocyanins content and alliinase activity. In order to assess the biological potential of methanol extracts, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antimutagenic, genotoxic and antiproliferative activities of the extracts were studied.</p><p>Summing up all the results obtained, it can be concluded that species of genus <em>Allium </em> sect. <em>Codonoprasum </em> are rich sources of biologically active compounds with a broad spectrum of biological activities. Dimethyl disulfide is the most dominant and often the only volatile component of most species, which is significant from chemotaxonomic point of view. The methanol extracts of investigated species contain high levels of flavonoids (primarily quercetin derivatives). Specificity of <em>A. pallens</em> and <em>A. oleraceum</em> extracts is that they do not contain rutin, but contain hyperoside, while small quantity of phenolic compounds is characteristic for <em>A. rhodopeum</em> extract. All investigated species, except of <em>A. flavum</em>, are rich in anthocyanins. Alliinase activity was high in all examined species. Most of the extracts, except <em>A. carinatum</em> and <em>A. melanantherum</em> extracts, express considerable antioxidant activity, while extracts of <em> A. flavum</em>, <em>A. rhodopeum</em>, <em>A. paniculatum</em> and <em>A. oleraceum </em> are potent anti-inflammatory agents. The investigated <em>Allium</em> extracts did not show antimicrobial and antimutagenic activity. Also, the extracts did not express genotoxic effect on healthy tissue cells (except the weak genotoxic effects of aerial parts extract of <em>A. flavum</em>), indicating that the use of these species as a food or as a drug is safe. Whole plant extracts of <em>A. paniculatum</em> and <em> A. rhodopeum</em>, as well as aerial parts extract of <em> A. melanantherum</em> showed strong antiproliferative activity (with a favorable non-tumor/tumor ratios) and induced apoptosis in tumor cells, suggesting that these plants have a high potential for application in antitumor therapy.</p>
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:uns.ac.rs/oai:CRISUNS:(BISIS)91799 |
| Date | 30 January 2015 |
| Creators | Simin Nataša |
| Contributors | Mimica-Dukić Neda, Popsavin Mirjana, Anačkov Goran, Božin Biljana, Četojević-Simin Dragana, Mitić-Ćulafić Dragana |
| Publisher | Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences at Novi Sad |
| Source Sets | University of Novi Sad |
| Language | Serbian |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | PhD thesis |
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