Occupational diseases include a heterogeneous disease, whichcombines strong socio-economic impact for the patient and society. Monitoring the incidence of occupational diseases is an important indicator Population Health. Our duty is to spread awareness of possible consequences of non-work safety rules and most effective prevention to prevent any injuries from work. In my thesis I intend to illuminate the issue of occupational diseases and their legislative definition and categorization according to the Section. The practical part will be devoted to monitoring trends in incidence of occupational diseases in the last ten years, andstatistical comparisons Data of disease between men and women.

碩士 / 國立臺灣大學 / 機械工程學系 / 85 / This study is to study thermodynamic properties of liquid substances bystatistical methods from a microscopic viewpoint. Random sampling andstatistical methods were used to estimate macroscopic thermodynamic propertiesof liquid substances. But the solutions were not reliable due to somenumerical problems. Thus, the state space volume being calculated from thevolume of the space occupied by a particle is assumed to find a relationshipbetween temperature and potential energy of a particle. Finally, the expe- rimental data were used to verify the theoretical solutions. The resultsshowed that the theoretical model cannot make precise quantitative predictions, but qualitatively, it could explain why a liquid cannot be formed when thetemperature is above the critical temperature. Moreover, the trends of thevariations of potential energy with respect to temperature were observed, andthe theoretical results were consistent with the experimental results.

碩士 / 國立中興大學 / 機械工程學系 / 86 / AbstractDue to the fast progress of industrial technology, modern product structure becomes more complex with higher precision. More attention has to be paid to the analysis and control on the accuracy of a product design. Therefore it is an important issue of design to estimate product accuracy from related information, and the main factors affect the accuracy of a machine including geometric tolerances generated in component fabrication processes, clearancesamong mating parts, deformation of force and temperature, and other externalfactors. This thesis focuses on the combination of tolerance and force analyses.It investigates accuracy variation of a structure by tolerance accumulation andby forced deformation. Tolerance analysis is based on a formal representationscheme, the tolerance network, together with error models, interval andstatistical computation methods, as well as a computer-aided tolerance analysissoftware to estimate error accumulation of geometric tolerances and fittingclearances. Force analysis is based on the principle of equilibrium. It calculatesstructure deformation by finite element analysis with forcing and boundaryconditions. Errors caused by tolerances and external forces are combined toestimate the variation of accuracy. This is further used as the foundation forsensitivity analysis that provides a guide for design modification. Themold-clamping mechanism of a plastic injection machine is used to illustratethe procedure and result of this method.

碩士 / 國立高雄師範大學 / 人力與知識管理研究所 / 100 / Thepurpose of this study is to discuss the Special Power Relationship (Das besondere Gewaltverhaltnis) oftertiary academic institutions, whether there are significant differences inthe faculty staff members’ changes in professional knowledge after the January17th 2011 Grand Justices Interpretation Case 684 changes, and using TaipeiCollege of Maritime Technology as an example. This study uses the questionnairesurvey method to separate the changes after the Grand Justices InterpretationCase 684 into three following areas: subjective perception of Case 684, changesin communication and interaction with students as well as the changes inregards to the systems of the school. Through the review of literature andstatistical analysis, it has been found that the full-time teachers and teacherswho are also concurrently serving as administrative officers at Taipei Collegeof Maritime Technology have significant differences in their subjectiveperception to Case 684 and changes in communication and interaction withstudents. The differences in age of the full-time teacher also led to significantdifferences in their changes in communication and interaction with students aswell as the changes in regards to the systems of the school.

碩士 / 國立中正大學 / 勞工研究所 / 83 / This study explores five categories of time allocation (life necessity, commuting, market work, housekeeping and leisure time) and influential factors behind them for Taiwan''s full- time employees. Firstly, some theoretical models (e.g. simple labor- leisure model, household production model and time allocation model) and empirical literature are reviewed; Secondly, methodsof descrpitive analysis and multiple regression are applied to the data of " Time Utilization Survey of 1990 in Taiwan Area," which was conducted by the Directorate- General of Budget Accounting andStatistics of the Executive Yuan. The major findings are the following: 1.The average length of time per day an employee spend on life necessity, commuting, market work, housekeeping and leisure was 10.37'', 42'', 5.36'', 58'' and 6.02'' respectively. Significant differentials by area are observed. Additionally, although both sexs in the samples were full-time workers, males had longer leisure time while females (especially married females) assumed most housekeeping. 2.Important factors affecting life necessity time include age, sex, area, marital status, occupation; important factors influencing commuting time include years of education, area, industrial dummies; important factors determining market work time include age, sex, marital status, area, industrial dummies, status of worker (to be hired by a private enterprise or by the public sector) and number of dependents older than 65 years; important factors behind household time include age, sex, marital status, area, status of worker, number of dependents older than 65 years; and influential factors for leisure time include sex, years of education, marital status, area, industrial dummies, number of dependents older than 65 years.

<p>Zaykin, Dmitri V. Statistical Analysis of Genetic Associations.Advisor: Bruce S. Weir.There is an increasing need for a statistical treatment of geneticdata prompted by recent advances in molecular genetics and moleculartechnology. Study of associations between genes is one of the mostimportant aspects in applications of population genetics theory andstatistical methodology to genetic data. Developments of these methodsare important for conservation biology, experimental populationgenetics, forensic science, and for mapping human disease genes. Overthe next several years, genotypic data will be collected to attemptlocating positions of multiple genes affecting disease phenotype.Adequate statistical methodology is required to analyze thesedata. Special attention should be paid to multiple testing issuesresulting from searching through many genetic markers and high risk offalse associations. In this research we develop theory and methodsneeded to treat some of these problems. We introduce exact conditionaltests for analyzing associations within and between genes in samplesof multilocus genotypes and efficient algorithms to perform them.These tests are formulated for the general case of multiple alleles atarbitrary numbers of loci and lead to multiple testing adjustmentsbased on the closing testing principle, thus providing strongprotection of the family-wise error rate. We discuss an applicationof the closing method to the testing for Hardy-Weinberg equilibriumand computationally efficient shortcuts arising from methods forcombining p-values that allow to deal with large numbers of loci. Wealso discuss efficient Bayesian tests for heterozygote excess anddeficiency, as a special case of testing for Hardy-Weinbergequilibrium, and the frequentist properties of a p-value type ofquantity resulting from them. We further develop new methods forvalidation of experiments and for combining and adjusting independentand correlated p-values and apply them to simulated as well as toactual gene expression data sets. These methods prove to be especiallyuseful in situations with large numbers of statistical tests, such asin whole-genome screens for associations of genetic markers withdisease phenotypes and in analyzing gene expression data obtained fromDNA microarrays.<P>

Safety analysis is a process involving several techniques.The purpose of this thesis is to test and develop methodssuitable for the safety analysis of railway risks and railwaysafety measures. Safety analysis is a process comprisingproblem identification, risk estimation, valuation of safetyand economic analysis. The main steps are described in separatechapters, each of which includes a discussion of the methodsand a review of previous research, followed by the contributionof this author. Although the safety analysis proceduredescribed can be used for analysing railway safety, it has suchgeneral foundations that it can be used wherever safety isimportant and wherever safety measures are evaluated. Itcombines cost benefit analysis with criteria for thedistribution and the absolute levels of risk. Risks are estimated with both statistical and risk analysismethods. Historical data on railway accidents are analysed andstatistical models fitted to describe trends in accident ratesand consequences. A risk analysis model is developed usingfault tree and event tree techniques, together with Monte Carlosimulation, to calculate risks for passenger train derailments.The results are compared with the statistical analysis ofhistorical data. People's valuation of safety in different contexts isanalysed, with relative values estimated in awillingness-to-pay study. A combination of focus groups andindividual questionnaires is used. Two different methods areused to estimate the value of safety and the results arecompared. Comparisons are also made with other studies. Different approaches for safety analysis and methods foreconomic analysis of safety are reviewed. Cost-benefit analysisas a decision criterion is discussed and a study on theeconomic effectsof a traffic control system is presented. There are several results of the work. Historical data showsa decrease in the accident rate. The average consequence ofeach accident has not changed over time. The risk analysismodel produces comparable results and enables analysis ofvarious safety measures. The valuation study shows that peopleprefer the prevention of small-scale accidents over theprevention of larger, catastrophic accidents. There are onlysmall differences in the valuation of safety in differentcontexts.

This thesis deals with random-size subset selection and ranking procedures• • • )|(derived through likelihood ratios, mainly in terms of the P -approach.Let IT , . .. , IT, be k(&gt; 2) populations such that IR.(i = l, . . . , k) hasJ_ K. — 12the normal distribution with unknwon mean 0. and variance a.a , where a.i i i2 . . is known and a may be unknown; and that a random sample of size n^ istaken from . To begin with, we give procedure (with tables) whichselects IT. if sup L(0;x) &gt;c SUD L(0;X), where SÎ is the parameter space1for 0 = (0-^, 0^) ; where (with c: ß) is the set of all 0 with0. = max 0.; where L(*;x) is the likelihood function based on the total1sample; and where c is the largest constant that makes the rule satisfy theP*-condition. Then, we consider other likelihood ratios, with intuitivelyreasonable subspaces of ß, and derive several new rules. Comparisons amongsome of these rules and rule R of Gupta (1956, 1965) are made using differentcriteria; numerical for k=3, and a Monte-Carlo study for k=10.For the case when the populations have the uniform (0,0^) distributions,and we have unequal sample sizes, we consider selection for the populationwith min 0.. Comparisons with Barr and Rizvi (1966) are made. Generalizai&lt;j&lt;k Jtions are given.Rule R^ is generalized to densities satisfying some reasonable assumptions(mainly unimodality of the likelihood, and monotonicity of the likelihoodratio). An exponential class is considered, and the results are exemplifiedby the gamma density and the Laplace density. Extensions and generalizationsto cover the selection of the t best populations (using various requirements)are given. Finally, a discussion oil the complete ranking problem,and on the relation between subset selection based on likelihood ratios andstatistical inference under order restrictions, is given. / digitalisering@umu

<p>Safety analysis is a process involving several techniques.The purpose of this thesis is to test and develop methodssuitable for the safety analysis of railway risks and railwaysafety measures. Safety analysis is a process comprisingproblem identification, risk estimation, valuation of safetyand economic analysis. The main steps are described in separatechapters, each of which includes a discussion of the methodsand a review of previous research, followed by the contributionof this author. Although the safety analysis proceduredescribed can be used for analysing railway safety, it has suchgeneral foundations that it can be used wherever safety isimportant and wherever safety measures are evaluated. Itcombines cost benefit analysis with criteria for thedistribution and the absolute levels of risk.</p><p>Risks are estimated with both statistical and risk analysismethods. Historical data on railway accidents are analysed andstatistical models fitted to describe trends in accident ratesand consequences. A risk analysis model is developed usingfault tree and event tree techniques, together with Monte Carlosimulation, to calculate risks for passenger train derailments.The results are compared with the statistical analysis ofhistorical data.</p><p>People's valuation of safety in different contexts isanalysed, with relative values estimated in awillingness-to-pay study. A combination of focus groups andindividual questionnaires is used. Two different methods areused to estimate the value of safety and the results arecompared. Comparisons are also made with other studies.</p><p>Different approaches for safety analysis and methods foreconomic analysis of safety are reviewed. Cost-benefit analysisas a decision criterion is discussed and a study on theeconomic effectsof a traffic control system is presented.</p><p>There are several results of the work. Historical data showsa decrease in the accident rate. The average consequence ofeach accident has not changed over time. The risk analysismodel produces comparable results and enables analysis ofvarious safety measures. The valuation study shows that peopleprefer the prevention of small-scale accidents over theprevention of larger, catastrophic accidents. There are onlysmall differences in the valuation of safety in differentcontexts.</p>

The measurability of Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is the precondition of itsmanagement, performance optimization and network resources re-allocations. However, MANET is an infrastructure-free, multi-hop, andself-organized temporary network, comprised of a group of mobile nodes with wirelesscommunication devices. Not only does its topology structure vary with time going by, butalso the communication protocol used in its network layer or data link layer is diverse andnon-standard.In order to solve the problem of interior links performance (such as packet loss rate anddelay) measurement in MANET, this thesis has adopted an external measurement basedon network tomography (NT). To the best of our knowledge, NT technique is adaptable for Ad Hoc networkmeasurement.This thesis has deeply studied MANET measurement technique based on NT. The maincontributions are:(1) An analysis technique on MANET topology dynamic characteristic based onmobility model was proposed. At first, an Ad Hoc network mobility model formalizationis described. Then a MANET topology snapshots capturing method was proposed to findand verify that MANET topology varies in steady and non-steady state in turnperiodically. At the same time, it was proved that it was practicable in theory to introduceNT technique into Ad Hoc network measurement. The fitness hypothesis verification wasadopted to obtain the rule of Ad Hoc network topology dynamic characteristic parameters,and the Markov stochastic process was adopted to analyze MANET topology dynamiccharacteristic. The simulation results show that the method above not only is valid andgenerable to be used for all mobility models in NS-2 Tool, but also could obtain thetopology state keeping experimental formula and topology state varying probabilityformula.IV(2) An analysis technique for MANET topology dynamic characteristic based onmeasurement sample was proposed. When the scenario file of mobile models could notbe obtained beforehand, End-to-End measurement was used in MANET to obtain thepath delay time. Then topology steady period of MANET is inferred by judging whetherpath delay dithering is close to zero. At the same time, the MANET topology wasidentified by using hierarchical clustering method based on measurement sample of pathperformance during topology steady period in order to support the link performanceinference. The simulation result verified that the method above could not only detect themeasurement window time of MANET effectively, but also identify the MANETtopology architecture during measurement window time correctly.(3) A MANET link performance inference algorithm based on linear analysis modelwas proposed. The relation of inequality between link and path performance, such as lossrate of MANET, was deduced according to a linear model. The phenomena thatcommunication characteristic of packets, such as delay and loss rate, is more similarwhen the sub-paths has longer shared links was proved in the document. When the rankof the routing matrix is equal to that of its augmentation matrix, the linear model wasused to describe the Ad Hoc network link performance inference method. The simulationresults show that the algorithm not only is effective, but also has short computing time.(4) A Link performance inference algorithm based on multi-objectives optimizationwas proposed. When the rank of the routing matrix is not equal to that of its augmentationmatrix, the link performance inference was changed into multi-objectives optimizationand genetic algorithm is used to infer link performance. The probability distribution oflink performance in certain time t was obtained by performing more measurements andstatistically analyzing the hypo-solutions. Through the simulation, it can be safelyconcluded that the internal link performance, such as, link loss ratio and link delay, can beinferred correctly when the rank of the routing matrix is not equal to that of itsaugmentation matrix.