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“Play, play every day, play and play and play away...” So der Beginn des Textes von Gertrude Stein, ein Text, der selbst schon ein musikalisches Gebilde ist, denn er lebt vom Klang des Wortes „play“ und von permanent repetierten play-Phrasen. Schon nach kurzer Zeit wird klar, dass es kein leichtes Spiel, dafür ein unermüdliches, unausweichliches wird. Die Komposition „Play“ folgt der Textstruktur bis in entfernteste Winkel und spielt damit. Die Uraufführung fand am 2002 in der ehemaligen „Tangofabrik“ in Leipzig statt. Es spielte das Trio „Musiké me tris“: Mareike Schellenberger (Mezzosopran), Dietmar Schaffer (Violine), Eckehard Schubert (Klavier). Anja-Christin Winkler führte Regie.

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Se descubre el Barrio Playa Norte en la ciudad de Punta Arenas, cercano a la desembocadura del Río Las Minas en el Estrecho de Magallanes, donde tienen lugar problemáticas relevantes de la discusión académica y disciplinar: los conflictos habitacionales de sectores marginales y marginados, y las formas de su integración tanto social como espacial. En este lugar se despliegan una serie de transformaciones que están definiendo el tipo de desarrollo que se espera a futuro para él. Transformaciones en cuanto a su conectividad (aparición de proyecto autopista), en cuanto a su calidad y manejo medioambiental (relación del sector con el estrecho de Magallanes y con el Río Las Minas), proyectos turísticos y otras inversiones públicas y privadas. Traen consigo diversos efectos, como cambios en el paisaje, expropiaciones de sectores residenciales y, claramente, cambios en la relación y en los modos de habitar, de las personas que residen o lo visitan. El desarrollo local inclusivo se vincula al contexto, en sus distintas escalas, y al territorio en el cual se inserta la arquitectura. Desarrollo que se constituye como tal toda vez que responde a una idea de inclusión, entendida como la escucha y relación de todas las fuerzas y voces que están interviniendo en dicho contexto. Estos planteamientos ayudan a definir una propuesta de rehabilitación urbana y habitacional para el barrio Playa Norte. El escenario particular que presenta el sector nos lleva a analizarlo desde las siguientes temáticas que entregarán el sustento a las decisiones del proyecto: - la relación medio ambiente natural y espacio urbano, - las propuestas de desarrollo que se están perfilando y que están transformando hoy este barrio de la ciudad de Punta Arenas y, - el desarrollo habitacional como elemento urbano central de cualquier rehabilitación, cuya presencia puede entregar vitalidad a los sectores urbanos.

Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Minería / 12/06/2024

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Despite more than three decades of research, and the postulation of more than 30 hypotheses of function, the adaptive significance of play remains unknown. This study quantitatively evaluated a selection of hypotheses of function, using data collected from a wild population of small, social carnivore, the meerkat, Suricata suricatta. The study found that although play in meerkats carried an energetic cost, with individuals modulating their frequency of play in response to their energy intake, none of the hypotheses evaluated by the study could identify the adaptive benefits that meerkats derived from play. Play did not increase 'social harmony' by reducing aggression between playmates, nor did it strengthen an individual's bonds to its social group, such that it remained in the group for longer, or contributed more to the group's cooperative activities. There was no evidence that meerkats used play to strengthen alliances between individuals, and young meerkats played no more frequently with their future dispersal partners than with matched controls with which they did not disperse. Play fighting experience did not improve a meerkat's subsequent fighting skills, and individuals that ultimately won the dominant breeding position within a group (through serious fighting) played no more frequently, and no more successfully, as youngsters, than the littermates that they defeated in combat. Although play was inhibited by aggression, meerkats did not use play to contest, assert or establish dominance status, and there was little evidence to suggest that the preference young meerkats showed for play partners that were well matched in age, size and ability arose from their use of play for self-assessment. This study assessed only those hypotheses of function that predicted benefits that were of importance to the inclusive fitness of the study species. For example, the enhancement of social harmony and group cohesion should be invaluable to a species whose survival is dependent upon social cooperation; and the high reproductive skew exhibited by this species places huge value upon fighting skill and the ability to win social dominance. As a consequence, this study's negative findings suggest strongly that play is not capable of providing these benefits, and that play behaviour is unlikely to be used for these purposes in any mammal species. I conclude that the most likely function of play (based on play's ubiquitous characteristics, and the findings of neurological research on rats) is the promotion of growth of the cerebral cortex. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ten spyte van meer as drie dekades van navorsing en die voorstelling van meer as 30 hipoteses oor funksie, bly die aanpassingswaarde van spelonbekend. Hierdie studie is 'n kwantitatiewe evaluasie van verskeie hipoteses oor funksie, en gebruik data versamel vanuit 'n wilde bevolking van 'n klein sosiale karnivoor, die meerkat, Suricata suricatta. Die studie het bevind dat hoewel spel in meerkaaie 'n energetiese koste beloop, met individue wat hul spelfrekwensie aanpas by energie-inname, geen-een van die hipoteses onder beskouing die aanpassingswaarde van spel vir meerkaaie kon verduidelik nie. Spel het nie "sosiale harmonie" bevorder deur die afuame in aggressie tussen speelmaats nie, en het ook nie 'n individu se verbintenis tot sy sosiale groep versterk sodat hy langer in die groep sou bly of meer sou bydra tot samewerkingsaktiwiteite nie. Daar was geen bewyse vir die gebruik van spel in die versterking van bondgenootskappe tussen individue nie, en jong meerkaaie het nie meer gereeld met toekomstige verspreidings-venote gespeel as met gepaarde kontroles saam met wie hulle nie uiteengegaan het nie. Speelse gevegte het nie 'n meerkat se daaropvolgende gevegsvermoëns verbeter nie, en die individue wat uiteindelik die dominante voortplantingsposisie in 'n groep gewen het (deur ernstige stryd) het nie meer gereeld ofmeer suksesvol as jongelinge gespeel in vergelyking met die werpselmaats wat hulle in die stryd oorwin het nie. Hoewel spel deur aggressie onderdruk is, het meerkaaie spel nie gebruik om dominante range te beveg, bevestig of tot stand te bring nie. Daar was min bewyse ter ondersteuning van die voorstel dat jong meerkaaie se voorkeur vir speelmaats wat hul gelyke is in ouderdom, grootte en vermoë, onstaan het in die gebruik van spel vir selfondersoek. Hierdie studie het slegs die hipoteses van funksie beskou wat voorspellings gemaak het oor die voordele wat belangrik is in die inklusiewe fiksheid van die studie-species. Byvoorbeeld, die verbetering van sosiale harmonie en groepsamehang behoort van onskatbare waarde te wees vir 'n species wat afhanklik is van sosiale samewerking vir oorlewing; en die hoë graad van voorkeuraanwas duidelik in hierdie species plaas groot waarde op gevegsvaardighede en die vermoë om sosiale dominansie te wen. Gevolglik dui hierdie ondersoek se negatiewe bevindinge daarop dat spel nie hierdie voordele kan bied nie, en dat speelgedrag heel waarskynlik nie vir hierdie doeleindes in enige soogdier-species gebruik word nie. Ek kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat die heel waarskynlikste funksie van spel (gebaseer op spel se alomteenwoordige kenmerke en die bevindinge van neurologiese navorsing op rotte) die bevordering van groei in die serebrale korteks is.

Proefschrift Universiteit Maastricht. / Met index, lit. opg. - Met samenvatting in het Nederlands.

The video-tape Run, Jane, Run uses strong audio and visual elements creating a multi-media slide show for the Fort Wayne Women's Bureau's multi-sports program Run, Jane, Run to enhance program publicity.A rapidly moving and quickly changing audio-visual presentation, this program projects athletes in action, supporting women in sports through a mixture of slides and audio. / Title from p. 2.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relative effectiveness of videotape recorders (VTR) as a medium of instruction in teaching English listening comprehension as compared to audiotape recorders (ATR).The material used for this study was a videotaped 16 minute talk by an American native speaker. Based on the talk, 32 questions were prepared for the listening comprehension tests.The subjects chosen for this study were 18 students from the Intensive English Institute (IEI), Ball State University, enrolled in the Summer Quarter, 1984. They were divided into two groups, A and B.Based on the evaluation and interpretation of the results of the tests by means of the statistical tests, t-test and ANOVA, it was discovered that the students' listening comprehension was slightly greater with the VTR than the ATR.This study suggests that the VTR will help EFL/ESL students' listening comprehension in addition to the ATR alone in a language laboratory.

The purpose of this creative project was to develop a program on video tape that would briefly explain the local Cooperative Extension Office, the programs and the assistance available. Audio-visual material available prior to this consisted of one slide tape set approximately 10 years old. In the new video tape a short history of Extension, and an overview of each area of the local Extension Office are explained, using examples of how the local Extension Agents provide assistance to the community. The disciplines include 4-H, Agriculture, Family and Consumer Sciences and Community Development.Development of the video tape included planning, script writing, filming, editing and documentation of the project. The major task was to present the best, most informative material explaining the role of Extension with-out being long and boring. By showing preliminary tapes to control groups and making changes as suggested. A final format was established that should most effectively explain the Extension Office and its services.