博士 / 國立臺灣大學 / 臨床醫學研究所 / 102 / Pruritus is the dominant symptom of skin disease and a frequent manifestation of systemic disease. It causes serious discomfort, anxiety, depression, sleeping disorders, considerable skin damagend and has substantial effects on quality of life. We conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate the association of glycemic control with generalized pruritus in type 2 diabetes. A total of 385 patients with type 2 diabetes who attended the diabetes care system underwent cutaneous examination by a dermatologist. A detailed interview questionnaire including visual analogue scale was used to assess various characteristics and the intensity of pruritus. Generalized pruritus was noted in 27.5% of the diabetic patients. As a result of pruritus, 24.5% of the patients had difficulties in falling asleep, 15.1% had disturbance of sleep, and 9.5% needed soporifics. Patients who had a higher postprandial glucose level had a higher probability of having generalized pruritus [OR=1.41 (95% C.I.: 1.05–1.90), P=0.02] in type 2 diabetic patients. We found generalized pruritus in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with PC glucose control. This finding arouses the physicians to pay more attention to pruritus in diabetic patients and to motivate the patient for better blood glucose control. Uremic pruritus is also one of the most common and bothersome symptoms in patients with chronic kidney disease, with approximately 40-90% of patients on long-term maintenance dialysis suffering from this problem. To date, the mechanisms of uremic pruritus remain poorly characterized. We conducted a prospective cohort study of patients with maintenance hemodialysis in the hemodialysis center. Patient demographic and clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, dialysis adequacy (assessed by Kt/V), and pruritus intensity were recorded at baseline and follow-up. Change score analysis of the difference score of VAS between baseline and follow-up was performed using multiple linear regression models. A total of 111 patients completed the study. Linear regression analysis showed that lower Kt/V and use of low-flux dialyzer were significantly associated with the aggravation of pruritus after adjusting for the baseline pruritus intensity and a variety of confounding factors. The optimal threshold value of Kt/V for pruritus was 1.5 suggested by both generalized additive models and receiver operating characteristic analysis. The cut-off value of 1.5 for Kt/V suggested by our study for pruritus is slightly above the target levels reducing mortality recommended in clinical practice guidelines, which not only implies that a Kt/V higher than the current standard may not further improve survival but may improve the quality of life, but also indicates that the clearance of pruritogenic substances could influence the intensity of pruritus. The therapeutic options for uremic pruritus are limited and unsatisfactory. Broad band ultraviolet B phototherapy has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of uremic pruritus in previous studies. Recently there is a trend of replacing BB-UVB phototherapy units with narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) units, as studies have demonstrated that NB-UVB is more efficacious in the treatment of psoriasis. However, studies regarding NB-UVB phototherpy for uremic pruritus are rare. A single blinded, randomized control trial was conducted to investigate the efficacy of NB-UVB phototherapy in uremic pruritus. Eligible participants were adults older than 18 years old, with CKD stage 3 to 5 and 5D. Patients with pruritus of visual analogue scale score over 5, itching duration of more than 2 months, and refractory to oral antihistamines and topical emollients were enrolled. The treatment group received NB-UVB phototherapy 3 times per week for 6 weeks. The dose of NB-UVB started from 210 mJ/cm2 and was increased by 10% at each time. The control group received time-matched exposures to long-wave ultraviolet light (UVA).Visual analogue scale score was evaluated weekly for pruritus intensity for 12 weeks. The characteristics of pruritus were also assessed by a questionnaire at baseline and after 6-week phototherapy. Both NB-UVB and control groups have significant and comparable improvement in the pruritus intensity VAS scores during the period of phototherapy and follow-up. Compared to control group, the NB-UVB group showed a significant improvement in the involved body surface area affected by pruritus (p = 0.006), but not in sleep quality. More detailed regression and estimating analysis revealed that the patients in the NB-UVB group had lower pruritus intensity at week 6, week 10, and week 12. This may indicate a beneficial difference at certain time points, but the effect seems marginal. NB-UVB phototherapy does not show a significant effect in reducing pruritus intensity compared to control group for refractory uremic pruritus. This finding may imply that although NB-UVB has been demonstrated to be more effective than BB-UVB for the treatment of psoriasis, its superior effect should not be directly extrapolated to other potential phototherapy-responsive dermatoses, such as uremic pruritus in this study.

博士 / 國立臺灣大學 / 臨床醫學研究所 / 102 / Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a common problem with the incidence around 60~70%. The peak serum levels of unconjugated bilirubin in full-term Asian and American Indian neonates are almost double as those in Caucasian and black populations. The finding suggests that genetic factors are involved in the development of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Breastfeeding jaundice is common in exclusively breastfed neonates, but its pathogenesis is still unclear. The uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) gene polymorphism was shown to contribute to the development of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. We hypothesize that the variation of UGT1A1 gene may contribute to neonatal breastfeeding jaundice. 211 G to A Variation of UDP-Glucuronosyl Transferase 1A1 Gene and Neonatal Breastfeeding Jaundice We prospectively enrolled 688 near term &; term infants who were exclusively breast-fed (BF group) or were supplemented by infant formula partially (SF group) before onset of hyperbilirubinemia. Genotyping of the promoter and exon1 of UGT1A1 was performed in all neonates. Neonates in BF group had a significantly higher maximal body weight loss ratio, peak bilirubin level, and a greater incidence of hyperbilirubinemia than those in SF group. Neonates with nucleotide 211 GA or AA variation in UGT1A1 genotypes had higher peak serum bilirubin levels and higher incidence of hyperbilirubinemia than wild types (GG). This phenomenon was only seen in BF group but not in SF group when we do subset analysis. This suggests that neonates who carry the nucleotide 211 GA or AA variation within coding region in UGT1A1 gene are more susceptible to develop early-onset neonatal breastfeeding jaundice. Prediction of Severe Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia Using Cord Blood Hydrogen Peroxide: A Prospective Study Given the relationship between bilirubin and hydrogen peroxide, which is one of reactive oxygen species, we hypothesized that cord blood hydrogen peroxide could be utilized to predict the severity of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. We prospectively enrolled 158 term or near-term healthy neonates. Cord blood and capillary blood at three and five days of age were measured for hydrogen peroxide and bilirubin concentrations. Newborns were divided into severe or less severe hyperbilirubinemic groups. The rising patterns were similar among bilirubin concentrations and hydrogen peroxide levels during the first few days of life. There was a strong positive correlation between bilirubin concentrations and hydrogen peroxide levels after correlation analysis. It revealed that a cord blood hydrogen peroxide signal level of 2500 counts/10 seconds was an appropriate cut-off for predicting severe hyperbilirubinemia. Sensitivity and the negative predictive value were 76.2% and 93.3%, respectively. Our findings confirm that hydrogen peroxide levels and bilirubin concentrations in cord and neonatal blood are closely related. A cord blood hydrogen peroxide level above 2500 counts/10 seconds associated with a high predictive value for severe hyperbilirubinemia. Other factors associated with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia To evaluate the impact of breast-feeding promotion on the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia, on peak bilirubin level and on mean days of hospitalization. Total 1273 healthy full-term newborns born before and after the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative Program was launched in July 2000. There was a significant association between monthly rates of breast-feeding and the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia, BW loss ratio, the bilirubin level on the third or fourth day, the peak bilirubin level, the mean hospital days, the mean days of phototherapy, as well as the frequencies of urination and defecation. A total of 874 neonates were exclusively breastfed and subsequently enrolled in this study. We analyzed the association between weight loss percentage and hyperbilirubinemia and investigated the best weight loss percentage cut-off value for prediction of subsequent hyperbilirubinemia before two weeks of age. Neonates with lower gestational age (GA) and greater weight loss percentage were associated with hyperbilirubinemia. By using weight loss > 8% of BBW after 48 hours and weight loss > 11% of BBW after 72 hours as the cut-off values for prediction of subsequent hyperbilirubinemia, respectively. We also retrospectively collected exclusively breast-feeding healthy term and near-term newborns born in our nursery between May 1 2002 to June 30 2005. Finally, 771 newborns were enrolled and 182 (23.6%) cases developed significant hyperbilirubinemia during 4th to 10th day of life. In the logistic regression analysis, gestational age, maximal body weight loss percentage and peak bilirubin level during the first 72 hours of life were significantly associated with subsequent hyperbilirubinemia. A prediction model was derived with the AUROC curve of 0.788. Model validation in the separate study (N=209) showed similar discrimination capability (AUROC=0.8340). Gestational age, maximal body weight loss percentage and peak serum bilirubin level during the first 3 days of life have highest predictive value of subsequent significant hyperbilirubinemia. We provide a good model to predict the risk of subsequent significant hyperbilirubinemia.

碩士 / 中臺科技大學 / 醫學影像暨放射科學系暨研究所 / 100 / This paper proposes a novel biodegradable nerve conduit comprising 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) cross-linked gelatin, annexed with β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) ceramic particles (EDC-Gelatin-TCP, EGT). In this study the EGT-implant site in rats was irradiated using a large-area 660 nm aluminum-gallium-indium phosphide (AlGaInP) diode laser (50 mW) to investigate the feasibility of laser stimulation in the regeneration of a 15-mm transected sciatic nerve. The proposed EGT conduit has a cylindrical shape, ivory-like color, and a rough, compact outer surface. A water uptake test indicates that the unique properties of EGT noticeably increase the stability of the artificial nerve graft in water; and the hydrated conduit does not collapse or stenose. The cross-linked structure of the EGT conduit resists enzymatic hydrolysis, which led to improved structural properties in studies on in vitro degradation. Results show that the adherence of TCP ceramic particles to the EDC-cross-linked gelatin matrix provided a framework with mechanical strength sufficient to serve as a nerve conduit. The animals were divided into three groups: a sham-irradiated group (EGT/Sham); an experimental group undergoing low-level laser (LLL) therapy (EGT/Laser); a control group undergoing autologous nerve grafts (autografts). LLL therapy was applied for 30 min immediately following surgery, focusing on the area of nerve damage. The surgical site was then treated transcutaneously for 5 min daily for 9 consecutive days. Twelve weeks after implantation, walking track analysis showed a significantly higher sciatic functional index (SFI) (P < 0.05) and improved toe spreading development in the EGT/Laser and autograft groups than in the EGT/Sham group. In electrophysiological measurement, both the mean peak amplitude and the area under the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) curves in the EGT/Laser and autograft groups showed significantly improved functional recovery than the EGT/Sham group (P < 0.05). Compared with the EGT/Sham group, the EGT/Laser and autograft groups displayed a reduction in muscular atrophy. Histomorphometric assessments revealed that the EGT/Laser group had undergone more rapid nerve regeneration than the EGT/Sham group. The laser-treated group also presented greater neural tissue area as well as larger axon diameter and thicker myelin sheath than the tube group without the laser treatment, indicating improved nerve regeneration. Thus, motor function, electrophysiologic reaction, muscular reinnervation, and histomorphometric assessments demonstrate that LLL therapy can accelerate the repair of a transected peripheral nerve in rats after being bridged with EGT conduit.

碩士 / 國立交通大學 / 應用化學系碩博士班 / 100 / To cope with the challenge of global warming and environmental concern, the development of green luminescent materials has been an important issue in phosphors research. This research is attempted to explore and investigate new UV-emitting materials, particularly those are not disclosed previously in the literature and excitable with xenon excimer discharge devices, for the applications of phototherapy, sterilization, and disinfection. We have explored and investigated the luminescence mechanism of four series of UV-emitting phosphors, including rare earth-doped phosphates and borates. In addition to X-ray diffraction technique and electron microscopy, the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light source provided by National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC) has been used to explore and investigate the luminescence of UV-emitting phosphors, such as UVA-emitting K3(Y,Ce)(PO4)2; UVB-emitting K3(Y,Gd,Pr)(PO4)2 and (Ca,Gd,Pr)10K(PO4)7, KCa(Y,Pr,Gd)(PO4)2 and UVC-emitting K3(Y,Pr)(PO4)2, KCa(Y,Pr)(PO4)2 and (Ca,Pr,Na)10K(PO4)7. Under excitation at 172 nm, K3(Y,Ce)(PO4)2 emits UVA radiation centered at 340 nm, which is attributed to the 4f1→5d1 transition of Ce3+. Under the same excitation, (K3(Y,Gd,Pr)(PO4)2, (Ca,Gd,Pr)10K(PO4)7 and KCa(Y,Pr,Gd)(PO4)2 were found to emit UVB light centered at 313 nm, which was attributed to the 4f 7→4f 7 of Gd3+. K3(Y,Pr)(PO4)2, KCa(Y,Pr)(PO4)2 and (Ca,Pr,Na)10K(PO4)7 were found to emit UVC light, which was found to be due to the 4f15d1 →4f 2 transition of Pr3+. The emission wavelength of all types of UV radiation was found to be crucially dependent on the chemical compositions, bonding and crystal structure of the host matrix.

碩士 / 高雄醫學大學 / 醫學研究所-臨床醫學組 / 102 / Vitiligo, the most common acquired depigmentation disorder, is characterized by progressive loss of melanocytes. It has been proposed that two types of vitiligo exist from the clinical and pathophysiologic points of view. Non-segmental vitiligo is associated with autoimmune disease while segmental vitiligo results from the dysfunction of sympathetic nerves in the affected area. Comparing to non-segmental vitiligo, segmental vitiligo generally responds less favorably to phototherapy. Excimer light has been shown to be effective and able to induce repigmentation more rapidly. To evaluate the mechanism of excimer light induced repigmentation in segmental vitiligo, we utilized laser Doppler flowmetry and iontophoresis of α1-agonist: phenylephrine, α2-agonist: clonidine and β-blocker: propranolol to assess of cutaneous blood flow and adrenoceptor response. 10 segmental vitiligo patients were invited to participate in this study. The cutaneous blood flow and adrenoceptor response were investigated before and after 3-month regular excimer light treatment. Increased cutaneous blood flow and abnormal α1- and α2-adrenoreceptor function in segmental vitiligo lesions were noted. Upon 3-month excimer light treatment, 60% of patients achieved >25% repigmentation. Partial recovery of the sympathetic dysfunction was also noted. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been associated with vitiligo repigmentation and sympathetic nerve repairment. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from healthy volunteers and irradiated with excimer light and low level laser. Compared to control groups, supernatants from excimer group showed elevated TNF-α, IL-1β and VEGF, while those from low level laser group showed elevated VEGF only. We concluded that excimer light could be an effective treatment for segmental vitiligo, possibly through the TNF-α, IL-1β and VEGF elevation and the partial repair of the sympathetic dysfunction.

博士 / 國立成功大學 / 化學系 / 103 / My research interest is that design the novelty multifunctional nanomaterials, and the unique properties materials were discovered by instrument. In the application, the nanomaterials had great potential to be used in the biomedical field. The multifunctional hybrid nanomaterials be provided with special structure and diversity properties (optical, magnetic and catalytic activity, etc.), and even can be used to load intolerable in water or relative instability drug or agent, and the use of characteristics of the material to drive the controlled release of drugs. My research has developed three multifunctional hybrid nanomaterials, each material has its own peculiarities and application, and it will be divided into three topics for discussed in detail. In the first research topic (Chapter2), the thermally induced cross-linked esterification occurs for the formation of eccentric inorganic-polymeric nanoparticles. By taking advantage of eccentricity, Ag-PSMA eccentric structure is converted to raspberry-like Au-based Janus nanoparticles. In the second research topic (Chapter3), a new multifunctional nanoparticle to perform a near-infrared (NIR)-responsive remote control drug release behavior was designed for applications in the biomedical field. Different from the previous studies in formation of Fe3O4-Au core-shell nanoparticles resulting in a spherical morphology, the heterostructure with polyhedral core and shell was presented with the truncated octahedral Fe3O4 nanoparticle as the core over a layer of trisoctahedral Au shell. The strategy of Fe3O4@polymer@Au was adopted using poly-L-lysine as the mediate layer, followed by the subsequent seeded growth of Au nanoparticles to form a Au trisoctahedral shell. Fe3O4@Au trisoctahedra possess high-index facets of {441}. To combine photothermal and chemotherapy in a remote-control manner, the trisoctahedral core-shell Fe3O4@Au nanoparticles were further covered with a mesoporous silica shell, yielding Fe3O4@Au@mSiO2. The bondable oligonucleotides (referred as dsDNA) were used as pore blockers of the silica shell that allowed the controlled release, resulting in a NIR-responsive DNA-gated Fe3O4@Au@mSiO2 nanocarrier. Taking advantage of the magnetism, remotely triggered drug release was facilitated by magnetic attraction accompanied by the introduction of NIR radiation. DNA-gated Fe3O4@Au@mSiO2 serves as a drug control and release carrier that features functions of magnetic target, MRI diagnosis, and combination therapy. The results verified the significant therapeutic effects on tumors with the assistance of combination therapy consisting of magnetic guidance and remote NIR control. In the third research topic (Chapter4), Since its discovery in 1894, the Fenton reaction, Fe2+ + H2O2 → Fe3+ + •OH + OH−, has been used to treat wastewater and contaminated soil and oxidize organic pollutants. Apart from the reactive oxygen species (ROS) manipulation strategies known as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and phototherapy, the merge of nanotechnology with old chemistry without electromagnetic waves and O2 creates an appealing exogenous and controllable ROS-generating platform to produce ROS that acts against cancer cells. Hydrogen peroxide-encapsulated Fe3O4-embedded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) polymersomes produce ROS at a temperature as low as 39 °C, the temperature a human body can withstand for killing cancer cells.

碩士 / 國防醫學院 / 護理研究所 / 88 / Abstract This study primarily investigated on how the following physiological parameters, including heart rate, respiration rate, blood oxygen saturation level and behavioral state, are influenced by the light intensity being put on the premature babies in the NICU (neonatal intensive care unit) incubator. The study adopt the repeated measuring design and study''s objectives were include : 1. How to measure the physiological parameters of premature babies in the NICU incubators. 2. How to evaluate the behavioral patterns of premature babies in the NICU incubators. 3. How about the change of physiological parameters under reduced environmental light. 4.How about the change of behavior pattern under reduced environmental light. 5.How about the physiological parameters under changed light intensities. 6.How about the behavior pattern under changed light intensities. A blanket of cloth covering the incubator was used to reduce the light intensity. In each experiment, lasting for 20 minutes, with or without the shielding blanket, study continuously measured physiological parameters, including heart rate, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation levels and evaluated the behavioral state. Photometer was used to measure the intensity of light and phonometer for the environmental noise level. Temperature was keep steady in the incubator. Besides photometer and phonometer, V8 camera, heart rate and respiratoral rate monitor, blood oxygen monitor, and the APIB was developmented by Als(1986) were used in this study. Premature babies were chosen from three district hospitals NICU in northern Taiwan. The premature babies chosen were before or equal to 37 weeks gestation ,birth weight of less than 2500gm and between 2 days old to 28 days old. On the day of experiment, they could not take any medication able to affect consciousness or receive any kind of medical procedures during the meals. Those received phototherapy or depended on respirator were excluded. During experiment, the premature babies lay on supine position with head elevated 20 degrees and fixed with nested pillow. For each baby, the experiment was conducted for 20 minutes each time, once in a week and lasted for a whole 4 months. A total of 35 premature babies were included in this study. The study implements descriptive statistics to analyze the data obtained. GEE (General estimation equation) is used to analyze the effects of light intensity exerted on the premature babies. The study shows that for premature babies there is a significant statistical relationship between light intensity and physiological parameters (p=.00). As the intensity of light increases, they were noted to have increased heart rate and respiratoral rate but decreased blood oxygen level. Besides these changes, behavioral state including light sleep and stress symptoms were noted. Furthermore, this study shows that a shielding blanket covering the incubator above and the sides (one third of area at least) could effectively reduce the light intensity which is supposed to be harmful to the premature babies.

<p>Visible light therapy (400-700 nm), i.e. photodynamic therapy, phototherapy, etc. has been used experimentally and clinically for treatment in acne, cancer, wounds, jaundiced neonates and other ailments. In the wake of increasing antibiotic resistance, the application of blue light (400-500 nm) as an antimicrobial strategy is appealing. Previous studies have elucidated differences on the responses of bacteria to irradiation with blue light (or blue light irradiation-BLI), ranging from a decrease in growth for some species, to stimulating proliferation in others. Although effective against a range of Gram-positive pathogens, BLI appears to be less effective at targeting Gram-negative bacteria and the basis of this phenomenon remains unknown.</p> <p>Studies evaluating the phototoxic effect of BLI on bacteria revealed that endogenous photosensitizers absorbing blue light lead to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In turn, these ROS, specifically singlet oxygen, can have a cytotoxic effect. Conversely, significant literature documents the ability of bacteria to sense and respond to blue light, via the use of BLUF (sensor of blue light using FAD-flavin adenine dinucleotide) domain-containing proteins. Much of the work that has been done has focused on bacteria early in its life cycle, but it is bacteria in later stages of growth that are responsible for causing infections and diseases.</p> <p>Through this work the growth phase dependencies on reductions in Gram-negative <i>Escherichia coli</i> were defined. The reduction differences between non-pathogenic and pathogenic <i>E. coli</i> strains were determined. The endogenous photosensitizer that is involved in the BLI-induced response at the 455 nm wavelength was also identified. Light parameters such as wavelength, energy dose, and the energy flux affect reductions in growth; findings from modulating these parameters were used to further enhance reductions in <i>E. coli</i> post-BLI. Through these studies and additional kinetic analysis, a proposed a model has been developed to describe the observed BLI reductions.</p>

碩士 / 樹德科技大學 / 應用設計研究所 / 92 / The nail painting is an important part of the total image and styling design. This study investigated the recommendation and development of nail art in Taiwan. It was found that the nail art is introduced to Taiwan by Americans around ten years ago. The fashion trend is following the step of Japan recently. The culture of nail art has become an enssential element of fashion design in Taiwan now. This study is started from the investigationof the history and development of nail paints. The history can be traced back to around B.C. 2800 The dye most extensively used by eastern women to color nail is garden balsam (Impatiens balsaminal). The nail painting and finger painting in western emerged around B.C. 6000 when Egyptians coloring their nail red with Henna. Morden nail enamel appears in 1930s, and started to add colour pigment into nail enamel in 1920s. The origination of nail art starts at 1940s in Hollywood. The stars already know the importance of the consistence between nail and the whole image Nail painting became professional store from an item of beauty service store is about 30 years ago in America and 15 years ago in japan. This study investigated undergraduate students’ colour preference of nail enamels in second step. Seventy-two subjects participated the experiment. Half of them are male and the other half are female. All of them are undergraduate students in design related departments. The samples are made of 132 nail enamels producted by LCN (Hong Kong) Ltd. They were painted on round nail plate and put on skin colour paper. The experiment was carried on under sufficient north window light. The subjects were required to choose their favorite colours. The results show that there is significant difference between different genders. The most favorite three colours of female students are 5RP 8/2、7.5 RP5/6 and 10RP 9/2. The first 5 colours all are reddish, and all have middle or high lightness. The first 10 colours have Munsell Value not less than 5, and many of them has opalescent glitter. Seven of ten of the female students’ least favorite colours are yellowish. Most of them are dull colours with middle lightness. The most favorite three colours of male students are 10YR8/4, 10B3/6 and 2.5R7/N. Their least favorite five colours all are redish, and four of ten least favorite colours are yellowish, and most of those ten colours are dull. The techniques used to elongate and repair nail were investigated in next stage. It was found that the methods of extending nail include three kinds: crystal nail、graft nail and phototherapy nail. The repairing technology includes weaving method andnaturally extended repairing method. To investigate the species and applied methods of artificial nails, a large collection of nails was accumulated including nails with various textures, stuffs of nail decoration and colour patterns. They were classified to 16 species and were studies carefully. Their features and application were specificated. Except that, 8 kinds of nail painting techniques were concluded including water dyeing, push dye to draw the line, hand painting, inlay, spurt, powder engrave and sponge monotype. All techniques were practiced to study how to apply in nail design and the steps were described in detail . In final stage this study create five sets of art nails. The results of colour preference investigation were applied with different stuffs and techniques to display the achievements of this study.

碩士 / 國立雲林科技大學 / 電子工程系 / 103 / Solid-state lighting is popular lamp and turn to art lamps, light communication and phototherapy and so on in the future. Due to the development of multimedia video services and cloud in recent years, the data transmission also is growing fast. The RF bandwidth is becoming not enough because of small bandwidth and restrictions on international regulations. So it cannot meet the demands of users. Visible light communication was proposed by Siemens of Germany in 2010, they suggested abandoning the crowded bandwidth in RF, instead of LEDs visible spectra with a high response speed on transmitted digital signal to replace the wireless communication system. Integration LEDs lamp enter into a communication system which it could be connected to wireless network anywhere. This proposal of the research was to enhance the quality and increase the channel bandwidth of the visible light communication system. We would enhance the reaction time of LED with first order RC pre-adding circuit, and increase the communication transmission distance with lens which the LED signal transmitted in free space. RC circuit was attached behind of optical detection device could let the carrying capacity up to 1.6M Hz. The VPPM (Variable pulse position modulation) was added to the system to module the lighting and the brightness could be grown in linear.