Ce travail a pour objectif d’étudier certaines représentations – écrites et imagées – des exécutions capitales en France, dans la seconde moitié du XVIe siècle et les premières décennies du XVIIe siècle. Ces exécutions sont nombreuses à une époque marquée par d’importants troubles politiques et religieux. Elles ont lieu en place publique, se veulent édifiantes et exemplaires pour les spectateurs, et affirment l’autorité du souverain, qui restaure l’ordre dans le royaume. Cette étude s’organise autour des trois figures fondamentales de la punition : le roi, le peuple et le condamné. La punition entretient toujours un lien très étroit avec l’autorité qui châtie. Nous verrons que les réflexions de Foucault autour du supplice se vérifient dans certaines sources, mais que les écrits et les images ne font pas obligatoirement de ce spectacle une affirmation de l’autorité royale, ni de la justice divine, parfois problématiques. Dans les sources écrites, les spectateurs réagissent souvent à l’exécution capitale, et il arrive que les auteurs expliquent les violences populaires dans un cadre extra-judiciaire, comme une tentative de rétablir l’ordre et la justice. Le condamné, lui, est à la fois « acteur » du supplice par son comportement sur l’échafaud et « victime ». Un certain nombre de constantes se dégage de la représentation du condamné, liées à son sexe et son âge, à la religion des auteurs et aux types de textes et d’images dans lesquels il est dépeint. Ce travail, qui envisage des contextes politiques et religieux différents et compare des sources très diverses, entend montrer que la littérature et l’iconographie construisent une image complexe du spectacle de l’exécution capitale, en particulier à travers les motifs de l’ordre et du désordre qui les traversent.

Dans un article récent, Gilles Marcotte étudie le rapport entre l'ancien et le nouveau, et remarque qu'il y a beaucoup de similarités entre le roman au début de l'époque littéraire québécoise et le roman québécois contemporain. Cette idée sert de base à ma thèse où je considère deux romans des années quatre-vingt: Terre du roi Christian de Sylvain Trudel et De l'amour dans la ferraille de Roch Carrier. Commençant par une étude de la situation socio-politique et du développement du genre, dans le but de définir en quelque sorte le roman de la terre et l'esprit qui le caractérise, je vais ensuite à une discussion des romans de Trudel et de Carrier dans le deuxième et le troisième chapitres. Au coeur de cette discussion, sont l'idéologie et la vision du monde qui lient ces romans contemporains au roman de la terre. Dans Terre du roi Christian, la famille et le passé jouent un rôle important dans l'univers de Luc, le héros. Aux yeux de ce petit garçon, la famille sert de lien entre le passé et le présent. Le père, possédant une connaissance du passé et du monde, montre à son fils comment vivre; il est le véhicule par lequel l'héritage est transmis. Un autre caractéristique du roman de la terre, le refus de la réalité, se retrouve dans ce roman. Ne voulant pas accepter la réalité dans laquelle il vit, Luc transforme la terre en un petit paradis maya. On trouve de telles actions dans De l'amour dans la ferraille où Jeannot Tremblay se réfugie dans son monde d'amour et d'idéaux. Des pionniers, tout comme Jeannot et Luc, ont leur petit monde idéalisé dans lequel ils vivent. Ils condamnent toute innovation et se réfugient dans le passé et dans la tradition. D'autres personnages, Achille Bédard et Sautereau, trouve leur refuge dans la mort. Les procédés narratives, qu'emplois le romancier, rapproche ces deux romans contemporains du roman de la terre aussi. Tout comme dans le roman de la terre, la nature et la terre nourrissent les métaphores et les comparaisons. D'ailleurs la terre et la nature deviennent parfois de véritables personnages avec des attributs humains. Cette humanisation de la nature est aussi caractéristique du roman de la terre. Malgré toutes les similarités entre le roman de la terre et le roman contemporain, il y a, faut-il le souligner, des différences importantes. Une qui saute aux yeux, c'est la voix narrative qui a beaucoup changé depuis la naissance du roman québécois. Le focalisateur externe, donc limité, du roman de la terre n'est pas employé dans le roman de Trudel. Au lieu d'avoir un narrateur-focalisateur, Trudel se sert d'un narrateur externe et d'un focalisateur interne, ce qui donne à son roman une profondeur qui est absente du roman de la terre. La narration de Carrier est encore plus compliquée. Il a un narrateur externe et deux focalisateurs: l'un externe, l'autre interne. Cette focalisation multiple équilibre le roman et l'aide à se distancer parfois de son roman. Dans la narration des romans contemporains étudiés dans cette thèse, on est très loin du roman de la terre. / Arts, Faculty of / French, Hispanic, and Italian Studies, Department of / Graduate

The Diploma Thesis is dealing with questions of investment decision-making in the area of IT and can be a complete guidance on the basic concepts of decision-making on the investment projects, methods of financial evaluation of such projects and the ways of its application in the sphere of IT. It is mainly aimed on the projects dealing with internal processes in IT organizations and optimalization of its management ? IT Service Management (ITSM). The paper deals with existing methodologies and standards applicable to IT Service Management and closely works with the latest library of best practices ITIL V3. The introduction gets the reader into the basics of the IT management, introduces the existent market standards and creates a liaison between the IT and business in questions of investments. The second part pays attention to the principles of ITSM and describes the benefits that can process optimalization bring to the company. The third chapter opens up the IT investment topic and introduces various methodological concepts and models used not only in the classical financial theory, but in the modern management practice as well. It offers a basic overview on the methods of investment project evaluation, e.g. Net Present Value (NPV), The Payback Period Method, The Internal Rate of Return (IRR), The Profitability Index, and the most popular one ? Return on Investment (ROI). The following chapter applies the measure of Return on Investment (ROI) to the projects of ITSM implementation according to ITIL. It shows the basic principles of the method usage, describes its main components and introduces the way of identification and evaluation of the benefits, which those projects bring to the business. Gained knowledge is based on the real practical examples ? several worked-out business cases created for the customers of the Hewlett-Packard Company. The last part of this chapter shortly describes several software tools for building the similar business cases and their own methodology. The last chapter in devoted to the situation on the local and world market and addresses the practical application of the methods of IT projects evaluation in the companies. The conclusion then summarizes important parts and key elements of the paper.

The theoretical part of the thesis contains information about education in general, futhermore it describes general information on e-learning. In the end of this part there are described different ways how to implement e-learning in a company. Practical part concerns information about a company - PRAKAB PRAZSKA KABELOVNA, a.s., possible ways of aplication education. In the final part of the thesis a solution is recommended and compared with an opinion of the personal manager of this company.

The aim of this master thesis is to outline the decision-making process in small and medium-sized businesses for investment in automated packaging solutions using multi-criteria decision making method. The effort will also highlight some critical points, which could cause an error in decision making. Investment decision will be shown on the assessment of alternatives of automated packaging from Savoy, which is represented by the company Logtech in the Czech Republic, and comparing to competitive solutions from Lantech Solutions and NeoPack Solutions, represented by company e3neo.

This Diploma thesis deals with measuring the effectiveness of marketing investments on the real model used by Royal Philips Electronics. Firstly, on the basis of qualitative research conducted through semi-structured personal interviews with marketing managers in Philips and participation in two marketing projects in the company, it determines the advantages, disadvantages and restrictive elements of the current model. Then in the theoretical context, it is compared with the practices of other companies which are one of the conclusions of the qualitative interviews. The result is a proposal of current model's improvements of measuring ROI marketing investments.

The thesis project analyses current investment opportunities in the real estate market. It investigates the standard sales through real estate agencies and direct sales from developers; the core focus is however on alternative options of buying properties, such as foreclosure auctions, auctions of financial authorities, purchases of agricultural land, etc. The theoretical part of the work examines the ba-sic terminology and ways of buying properties. The practical part uses the findings and evaluates investment opportunities with regard to their risks, the difficulty of the process of acquiring the property and most importantly the return on investment.

Medical institutions adapt digital based archiving of patients records images to fulfil its advantages like availability, easy sharing, high resolution etc. Digital form of records brings apart from advantages also disadvantages at security risks. It is easier attacking, stealing, using without authorization etc. This thesiss deals with this security issues, describes the needs and approaches to security, explains the reasons for deployment of watermarking. It names three main methods of medical image watermarking and compares their plus and cons: zero, reversible and watermarking in Region Of Non Interest (RONI). New method of Zero-reversible-RONI watermarking, that combine advantages of described methods, is proposed. For practical tests of properities of proposed method was used huge database of medical images. Application of the proposed method on this database delivers very promising results. Practical results discussion and comparison with other medical imaging watermarkikng methods are at the end of this thesis.

Organizations invest in team-based systems in order to generate innovative practices that will give them a competitive edge. High-performing teams require training and other support systems to gain the skills they need as well as to create and maintain an environment conducive to their success. The challenge for managers is to make resource allocation decisions among investment alternatives to maximize team effectiveness and still ensure a financial return for company investors. This study has three objectives. The first objective is to investigate whether there is a positive relationship among organizational environment, team potency (the team's collective belief it will succeed) and team performance. Results indicate that the presence of four organizational support systems influences team potency and performance. These support systems are the Design and Measurement, Rewards, Training and Communications Systems. In addition, results indicate that team potency is a mediating variable between the Design and Measurement and Communications Systems and team performance. These results suggest that companies are able to influence team performance by investing in environmental support systems. The second objective is to examine whether team members and managers view the organizational environment differently. Results indicate that managers view the Training and Communications Systems as more important, while teams perceive the Design and Measurement System and the Rewards System to be more important to their success. Since the systems that team managers view as important may influence their investment decisions, these differences may suggest a resource alignment issue. Third, a measure of team effectiveness based on financial measures is introduced. Published literature emphasizes attitudinal, behavioral and operational measures of performance. A financial measure offers a method of evaluating performance that is similar to methods used in capital budgeting and may be consistently applied across different types of teams with different purposes. The data collection process was performed by persons external to the team and covered a 12-month period. This method led to a loss of information and did not accurately portray team performance. However, the teams that were successful in calculating project savings were different types of teams from both manufacturing and service industries. This result is encouraging and warrants further investigation.

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