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An areal numerical simulation has been carried out to investigate effects of below-sea-level (BSL) excavation in the raw material site of a cement factory in Turkey. A finite element model (585 nodes with 534 elements) is formed to solve for the head distribution in the quarry site upon quarry operation planned to be implemented in the near future. The model is calibrated to the field conditions and appropriate boundary conditions and the physical parameters are obtained to be used in future prediction studies. After a successful calibration the model is run to estimate the water levels and the discharge rates required during below sea level quarry operations. Above sea level (ASL) and below sea level (BSL) operations are simulated and water level contour maps are obtained both for above sea level (ASL) production for the 2000-2030 period, and for each BSL (-10m, -20m, -30m) production periods, which would totally take 13 years. Estimation show that the proposed model runs properly and it calculates the water levels and discharge rates accurately for probable future quarry operations. It is clear that quarry operations would not create a serious problem in terms of water discharge from the quarry site.

This study aims to enlighten microfacies evolution and micropaleontological properties of the Tournaisian &amp / #8211 / Visean boundary in Aladag Unit (Central Taurides, Turkey). Two sections comprising dark shale and dark limestone alternations, including a fairly dolomitized part towards their top are measured. The microfacies analysis suggests a subtidal depositional environment. Foraminiferal assemblages were distinguished at Section AP and biozonation was documented. The biozonation separates the measured section into three zones, described as A, B and C. Zone A is scarce foraminifera fauna, and mainly contains Earlandia sp. Zone B is defined by appearance of a diversified foraminifera fauna and the first appearance of Lugtonia monilis (Malakhova, 1955) with Eoparastaffella sp. (morphotype 1). Zone C is defined according to the first appearance of Eoparastaffella simplex (Vdovenko, 1964) (morphotype 2) and foraminifers Laxaendothyra ex. gr. laxa. Tournaisian &amp / #8211 / Visean boundary is defined at the 60th sample, due to appearance of Eoparastaffella simplex (Vdovenko, 1964) (morphotype 2). Seven microfacies types in section AP, and six microfacies types in section PA are identified and, the intensely sampled part of the measured section AP is separated into 13 shallowing upward meter-scale cycles. These cycles, showing subtidal character are detected by both repetitions of microfacies and changes in abundance of foraminifers. A contrasting evaluation of the Tournaisian &amp / #8211 / Visean boundary of Taurides with Guangxi, South China and Dinant, Belgium is presented. The Chinese stratotype contains a diverse, more complete fauna of Tournaisian - Visean foraminifera, while the Belgium and Turkish sections are scarcer and most probably facies controlled.

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No description available.

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