Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1984.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1974.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1960.

Thesis (doctoral)--Jena, 1935.

Orientador: Roger William Fernandes Moreira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T21:07:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RabeloJunior_PauloMariaSantos_D.pdf: 8633351 bytes, checksum: d5eb61eca1a38e917d350c052ec377f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Este trabalho foi baseado em um estudo observacional, seccional, retrospectivo do tipo caso-controle, com o objetivo de analisar a prevalência e características epidemiológicas da associação entre traumas faciais e traumas cervicais nos pacientes atendidos pela Área de Cirurgia Buco-Maxilo-Facial da Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba (FOP)-Unicamp, na cidade de Piracicaba e região, no período de abril de 1999 a dezembro de 2009. Um total de 3095 pacientes com trauma facial foi incluído na amostra. Pacientes apresentando trauma facial e alguma forma de trauma cervical concomitantemente corresponderam a 76 (2,5%) casos onde a análise estatística descritiva demonstrou uma prevalência por indivíduos do gênero masculino (81,6%), de cor branca (60,0%) predominantemente na faixa etária de 21 a 30 anos (27,9%). A etiologia mais frequente destes traumatismos foram os acidentes de trânsito (63,2%). Dentre as fraturas faciais, houve maior prevalência na região mandibular (57,5%), seguida pelas fraturas zigomáticas (30,0%). Estiveram também associadas aos traumatismos cervicais, as lesões de tecidos moles da face (39,4%) e dento-alveolares (7,8%) isoladamente. Nos pacientes do grupo estudo que concomitantemente apresentaram lesões traumáticas em outras áreas do corpo, as mais frequentes foram nos membros superiores (47,3%) e no tórax (44,7%). Foi possível observar que na presença de trauma facial, há chance de ocorrência de lesão traumática cervical concomitante, dessa forma, requerendo atenção e cuidado para o seu tratamento / Abstract: This study was based on an observational, seccional, retrospective, case control study with the aim of analyze the prevalence of association of facial trauma and cervical trauma in patients attended by the Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Piracicaba Dental School - Unicamp occurred in Piracicaba region from april1999 and December 2009. A total of 3095 patients of facial trauma were included in the study. Patients with concomitant facial and some kind of cervical trauma corresponded to 76 (2,5%) cases wich data analysis demonstrated a prevalence for males (81,6%), white subjects (60,0%) predominantly in the third decade of life (27,9%). The main etiological factor was traffic accident (63,2%). Among facial fractures, there was a major prevalence at the mandibular region (57%), followed by zygomatic fractures (30,0%). Soft tissue lesions (39,4%) and dental trauma (7,8%) where associated with cervical trauma too. For study group patients presenting other body traumas simultaneously, upper limbs (47,2%) and chest (44,7%) were more frequent. It was possible to note that in the presence of facial trauma, that's a chance of occurring concomitant cervical traumatic lesion, therefore, requiring attention and caution in its treatment / Doutorado / Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco-Maxilo-Faciais / Doutor em Clínica Odontológica

Distinctiveness plays an important role in the recognition of faces, i.e., a distinctive face is usually easier to remember than a typical face in a recognition task. This distinctiveness effect explains why caricatures are recognized faster and more accurately than unexaggerated (i.e., veridical) faces. Furthermore, using caricatures during training can facilitate recognition of a person’s face at a later time. The objective of this thesis is to determine the extent to which photorealistic computer-generated caricatures may be used in training tools to improve recognition of faces by humans. To pursue this objective, we developed a caricaturization procedure for three-dimensional (3D) face models, and characterized face recognition performance (by humans) through a series of perceptual studies. The first study focused on 3D shape information without texture. Namely, we tested whether exposure to caricatures during an initial familiarization phase would aid in the recognition of their veridical counterparts at a later time. We examined whether this effect would emerge with frontal rather than three-quarter views, after very brief exposure to caricatures during the learning phase and after modest rotations of faces during the recognition phase. Results indicate that, even under these difficult training conditions, people are more accurate at recognizing unaltered faces if they are first familiarized with caricatures of the faces, rather than with the unaltered faces. These preliminary findings support the use of caricatures in new training methods to improve face recognition. In the second study, we incorporated texture into our 3D models, which allowed us to generate photorealistic renderings. In this study, we sought to determine the extent to which familiarization with caricaturized faces could also be used to reduce other-race effects (e.g., the phenomenon whereby faces from other races appear less distinct than faces from our own race). Using an old/new face recognition paradigm, Caucasian participants were first familiarized with a set of faces from multiple races, and then asked to recognize those faces among a set of confounders. Participants who were familiarized with and then asked to recognize veridical versions of the faces showed a significant other-race effect on Indian faces. In contrast, participants who were familiarized with caricaturized versions of the same faces, and then asked to recognize their veridical versions, showed no other-race effects on Indian faces. This result suggests that caricaturization may be used to help individuals focus their attention to features that are useful for recognition of other-race faces. The third and final experiment investigated the practical application of our earlier results. Since 3D facial scans are not generally available, here we also sought to determine whether 3D reconstructions from 2D frontal images could be used for the same purpose. Using the same old/new face recognition paradigm, participants who were familiarized with reconstructed faces and then asked to recognize the ground truth versions of the faces showed a significant reduction in performance compared to the previous study. In addition, participants who were familiarized with caricatures of reconstructed versions, and then asked to recognize their corresponding ground truth versions, showed a larger reduction in performance. Our results suggest that, despite the high level of photographic realism achieved by current 3D facial reconstruction methods, additional research is needed in order to reduce reconstruction errors and capture the distinctive facial traits of an individual. These results are critical for the development of training tools based on computer-generated photorealistic caricatures from “mug shot” images.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed Jan. 9, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2007. / Title from title screen (site viewed Dec. 5, 2007). PDF text: 99 p. : ill. ; 5 Mb. UMI publication number: AAT 3271910. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in microfilm and microfiche formats.

Exemplar virtual three-dimensional sculptures collected from sixteen artists are used to develop a multidimensional space to describe facial shape, which is then used as a mechanism for modeling new faces. This is accomplished through identifying and varying derived principal components of the multi-dimensional space. The relationships between these principal components and their effects on new faces are explored through the creation of new virtual faces using a graphical user interface. These new virtual face sculptures are then modified by facial feature, gender, and expression using a feature-based transformation interface based on difference vectors. Finally, animations are created to illustrate the results of these approaches. Facial mesh transformations based on principal components does not give direct predictable control for modifying specific facial features. However, it does provide interesting design choices for artists, and general patterns of the data variance were obtained. The feature-based transformations were successful in further modifying created faces.

A set of empirical studies is presented that examines the relationship between face perception, the modular hypothesis of cognitive function proposed by Fodor (1983), and attention. In the first study, two different manipulations were used to examine whether faces automatically trigger holistic processing operations as measured by the composite effect. The results support a modular account of face perception. / The second study introduces a novel rivalry phenomenon produced by overlapped upright tilted faces. The results indicate that this effect is dependent upon orientation with overlapped inverted faces being perceived as ambiguous in a majority of trials. The third study further examined the factors underlying this rivalry effect. It was found that contrast reversal did not influence the rivalry effect produced by overlapped upright faces and that overlapped houses did not produce rivalry. Results from both studies were taken as evidence that faces are more readily processed as Gestalts compared to other complex objects and therefore engage domain specific operations. The results also suggest that fast operations underlie perception of a face as a Gestalt. Finally, it was suggested that the rivalry effect produced by overlapped faces may illustrate informational encapsulation in face perception. / In the fourth study, faces were used to investigate the relationship between attention and modular functions. Three separate experiments showed that faces and houses compete for attention. This finding suggests that the face perception module does not have its own dedicated attentional resources but rather shares a common pool with other visual processes. Results from one experiment also suggested an advantage for faces in the allocation of attention at very short presentation times. This advantage was postulated to arise from two interacting mechanisms that is, faces capture attention over other objects and faces are more automatically encoded than other objects. Together, these studies indicate that a modular conceptualization of face processing is both appropriate and useful. They also demonstrate the utility of faces for investigating cognitive mechanisms that mediate modular functions.