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No description available.

No description available.

Since 1998, school governing boards have been Quebec's answer to the trend towards school-based management. This study investigates the experiences of two parent representatives on a school governing board and a school board administrator in the early years of Quebec's effort to decentralize educational governance. The literature suggests that school-based management can be found in various degrees, but that it is not always successfully implemented. Obstacles related to school-based management include how school governing boards are composed, how their powers are defined, and the nature of their relationship with their school boards. Evidence from the three participants suggests that these obstacles may threaten the credibility of school governing boards. The study concludes with recommendations for improving the effectiveness of school governing boards in Quebec.

An important number of Canadian dairy farms manage their manure as solids and in doing so, must handle large volumes of manure seepages and milk house wastewater (dairy farm effluent-DFE). The present project adapted surface irrigation as a more economical and sustainable method of disposing of this large volume of DFE on cropped land near their storage facility. The experimental surface irrigation system consisted of a gated pipe installed perpendicular to the slope of the field allowing the discharged DFE to run down the slope. / The adaptation of the system and the measurement of its environmental impact were conducted on two dairy farms, A and B, in the region South West of Montreal where their DFE were characterized. In 2003 and 2004, DFE was applied on one of two 0.5 and 0.3ha plots, on each farm, to observe losses through the subsurface drainage system, by means of sampling wells, and effects on soil nutrient levels. / The DFE collected in 2002 and 2003 had a lower nutrient content than that collected in 2004 because of higher precipitations. The DFE generally contained between 150-500 mg/L of TKN, 15 to 40 mg/L of TP and 500 to 700 mg/L of TK. / DFE losses through the subsurface drainage system were observed on both farms during each irrigation test. Nevertheless, outlet losses were observed only when irrigating under wet soil conditions or when applying more than 50mm of DFE. Outlet losses represented at the most 1.2% of the total DFE volume applied and 0.32% of the nutrient and bacterial loads. / Although only 65 to 75% of the soil surface was covered by the applied DFE, the irrigation sessions did provide some additional soil moisture for crops, increasing yield by 31% in 2004. Once absorbed by the soil, the applied DFE did not increase the soil nutrient level and variability in the presence of crop. Thus, the DFE contributed to the irrigation and fertilization of the plots. / Surface irrigation to spread low nutrient DFE, as compared to the conventional tanker system reduced the application costs from $3.05/m3, to $0.95/m3.

This thesis examines the role of Armenian community centres, in relation to the local dwelling place of Montreal, the distant homeland, and the rest of the Armenian diaspora. Due to the staggering increase in migration and to the proliferation of transnational flows throughout the globe, our conception of home has substantially changed. Thus, what motivates immigrants to build and attend "diasporic dwellings" representative of their ethnicity in their new dwelling places? By describing the characteristics of the two largest Armenian community centres in Montreal, (the Armenian Community Centre and the ABGU Centre), I analyse how these mediated social spaces embody elements that represent a distant home, a diaspora, and the local dwelling place---complete with organizations, symbols, imagery, iconography, and language. Utilizing the methodology of participant observation and through conducting interviews, I demonstrate how members of the Armenian community living in Montreal, negotiate their multiple cultural identities through their involvement with Armenian community centres. Moreover, I discuss how the community centres articulate a collective memory in the present within Montreal's public sphere.

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No description available.

The hypothesis that aquatic biomass is uniformly distributed over logarithmic size classes was evaluated with samples from epilimnetic plankton communities. Although the hypothesis is true for oligotrophic lakes, biomass increases between successive size classes in mesotrophic and eutrophic lakes. The abundance of organisms in logarithmic size intervals is strongly negatively correlated with size. The relationship between organism size and physiological performance in mixed communities was examined by testing the hypothesis that limnoplankton respiration rates are predictable functions of mean body size. The equation governing this relationship was found to be similar to those obtained with laboratory cultures. The total epilimnetic phosphorus concentration is correlated with both biovolume and respiration rate. Many limnological relationships, including those established in this thesis, are based on linear regressions between log-transformed variables. The rules for the correct use of backtransformed predictions are elucidated. A theorem is proven, which sets limits to the relationship between the coefficients of determination on the original and transformed scales. Simulated data and empirical results are used to illustrate the applications and limitations of the theoretical results.

The thesis analyzes the speech behavior of Russian emigrants of the fourth wave during the period of their adaptation to the life in the "new" country. The research is based on text material collected in the Montreal Russian community in the period 1998--2003. In the course of processing the material the author used methods of comparative analysis and lexical and semantic analysis. The thesis deals with the linguistic forms in which the process of individual self-identification materializes when people leave their mother country to live in another. Special attention is paid to the terms used to describe the homeland, the "new" country and the emigre. Words and expressions found in the course of the research process are quoted, and their place and meaning in the modern Russian language both in the mother country and abroad are discussed. The research of the fourth-wave Russian emigrants' language showed certain peculiarities proving that emigrants use a metalanguage different from the language of the mother country. It also contains various loan words and words and expressions with displaced or changed meaning.