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The European Union has become a region of intense immigration and the movements of third country nationals from outside or within the territory of the Member States has jumped to the top of ECIEU political agenda. Important ECIEU measures have been adopted concernmg the most important aspects in the area of immigration since the late eighties. The movements of third country nationals have nonetheless been regulated by EC law, although incidentally, since the origin of the Communities. The analysis covers fifty years of Community immigration history and it studies the changes in the immigration movements themselves and, in particular, of their regulation under ECIEU law. The research focuses on the factors that have contributed and that are shaping the emerging European immigration policy in order to evaluate the real impact of old and, especially, new rules on racial and ethnic minority groups and women. An EU integrated policy covenng all aspects related to third country nationals does not exist but very important steps, consolidated in the Amsterdam Treaty, have been taken over the last decade (1989/1999). The strategy to adopt at EU level is not very clear or coherent due to the complexity of the area itself and because of the different approaches of the EU Institutions on the answer to give to immigration issues. It has been demonstrated that although some gaps remain in the labyrinth of ECIEU immigration rules, the main trend, imposed principally by the Member States, is towards the creation of a White Fortress Europe.

<p> This quantitative study contributes to the limited research on day laborers and domestic workers by analyzing data gathered in 2014 and 2015 through structured interviews with 201 members of a worker-led day labor center and hiring hall in rural western Sonoma County, California. The data provide a point-in-time snapshot of the characteristics pertaining to a singular enclave of this marginalized and disenfranchised group.</p><p> The study&rsquo;s results were largely congruent with the findings of other national surveys: the vast majority of day laborers are male, foreign born, and earn less than $15,000 a year. This study revealed that length of center membership did not have a significant effect on English proficiency or earnings.</p><p> This quantitative evidence emphasizes the need to synthesize data pertaining to day laborers and domestic workers into larger studies, such as the Portrait of Sonoma County and the Sonoma County Farmworker Survey, as well as to include this population in workers&rsquo; compensation insurance benefits.</p>

<p> Ethno-demographic grievances define the conflict between Buddhist and Rohingya-Muslim populations in the Rakhine State of Myanmar. Nationalistic Buddhist leaders, such as the controversial monk Ashin Wirathu, maintain that the Rohingya population&rsquo;s rapid growth and high fertility rates threaten to overtake local Buddhist populations, reflecting local Rakhine State sentiments. This study seeks to identify quantitative and qualitative differences between the Rohingya and Buddhist populations in Rakhine State and to elucidate the theoretical and practical implications for Buddhist-Rohingya relations. Due to the government&rsquo;s decision to avoid enumeration of self-identifying Rohingya, this study has relied on several recent local surveys to reconstruct a local demographic description of the Rohingya. The &ldquo;Demographic Security Dilemma&rdquo; theory, which specifies expectations for minority-majority conflicts and their resolution, will be used to discuss the relevant forces that underlie the Buddhist-Rohingya conflict.</p>

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