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Chip temperature is increasing with continued technology scaling due to increased power density and decreased device feature sizes. Since temperature has significant impact on performance and reliability, accurate thermal and circuit analysis are of great importance. Due to the shrinking device feature size, effects occurring at the nanometre scale, such as ballistic transport of energy carriers and electron tunneling, have become increasingly important and must be considered. However, many existing thermal and circuit analysis methods are not able to consider these effects efficiently, if at all. This thesis presents methods for accurate and efficient multi-scale thermal and circuit analysis. For circuit analysis, the simulation of single-electron device circuits is specifically studied. To target thermal analysis, in this work, ThermalScope, a multi-scale thermal analysis method for nanometre-scale IC design is developed. It unifies microscopic and macroscopic thermal physics modeling methods, i.e., the Boltzmann transport and Fourier modeling methods. Moreover, it supports adaptive multi-resolution modeling. Together, these ideas enable efficient and accurate characterization of nanometre-scale heat transport as well as chip-package level heat flow. ThermalScope is designed for full chip thermal analysis of billion-transistor nanometre-scale IC designs, with accuracy at the scale of individual devices. ThermalScope has been implemented in software and used for full chip thermal analysis and temperature-dependent leakage analysis of an IC design with more than 150 million transistors. To target circuit analysis, in this work, SEMSIM, a multi-scale single-electron device simulator is developed with an adaptive simulation technique based on the Monte Carlo method. This technique significantly improves the time efficiency while maintaining accuracy for single-electron device and circuit simulation. It is shown that it is possible to reduce simulation time up to nearly 40 times and maintain an average propagation delay error of under 5% compared to a non-adaptive Monte Carlo method. This simulator has been used to handle large circuit benchmarks with more than 6000 junctions, showing efficiency comparable to SPICE, with much better accuracy. In addition, the simulator can characterize important secondary effects including cotunneling and Cooper pair tunneling, which are critical for device research. / Thesis (Master, Electrical & Computer Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2008-09-26 13:33:12.389

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 1968. / "November 1967." Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.Sc.). / Written for the Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics. Title from title page of PDF (viewed 2008/12/07). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1992. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [135]-138).

Thesis (Ph.D)--Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. / Committee Co-Chair: Alexopoulos, Christos; Committee Co-Chair: Goldsman, David; Committee Member: Kim, Seong-Hee; Committee Member: Shapiro, Alexander; Committee Member: Spruill, Carl. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

Electrochemical methods were researched for the analysis of metals, proteins and the identification of metal binding proteins. Adsorptive cathodic stripping voltamrnetry for metal analysis combines the inherent sensitivity of electrochemical techniques with the specificity of ligands for the nonfaradaic preconcentration of analytes at the electrode. The utility of catechol, resorcinol, 4-methylcatechol and 4-t-butylcatechol as ligands was explored for the sensitive analysis of copper, bismuth, cadmium and lead on a mercury film glassy carbon electrode. Metal complexes of lead, copper and bismuth with resorcinol showed the largest increase in current with increase in metal concentration, whereas complexes of these metals with 4-t-butylcatechol showed the lowest current response. Cadmium showed the highest current responses with 4-methylcatechol. The four metals could be determined simultaneously in the presence of resorcinol, although considerable interference was observed between bismuth and copper. The electroanalysis of cysteine and cysteine containing proteins at carbon electrodes are impaired by slow electron transfer rates at carbon electrodes, exhibiting high overpotentials, greater than 1 V vs Ag! Agel. Metallophthalocyanines have been shown to promote the electrocatalysis of cysteine at lowered potentials. Chemical modification of electrodes with appropriate modifiers is a means of incorporating specificity into electroanalysis, with applications in electrocatalysis. A glassy carbon electrode was modified by electrodeposition of cobalt (II) tetrasulphophthalocyanine [Co(II)TSPct to produce a chemically modified glassy carbon electrode (CMGCE). The CoTSPc-CMGCE catalysed the oxidation of cysteine in the pH range 1 to 10. The significance of this electrode is an application for analysis of proteins at biological pH's. A biscyanoruthenium(II) phthalocyanine CMGCE catalysed the oxidation of cysteine at 0.43 V vs Ag/AgCl a significant lowering in the overpotential for the oxidation of cysteine. Metallothionein, a metal binding protein, is believed to be involved in metal homeostasis and detoxification in the peripheral organs of living systems. A method for the quantitative determination of this protein utilising its high cysteine content was presented. At pH 8.4 Tris-HCl buffer, and using a CoTSPc-CMGCE modified by electrodeposition of the modifier, the anodic peaks for the oxidation of metallothionein was observed at 0. 90 V vs Ag/ AgCI. Ferredoxin is a simple iron-sulphur protein. One tenth of its residues are cysteine. Ferredoxin is involved in simple electron transfer processes during photosynthesis and respiration. Electrochemical studies of spinach ferredoxin were conducted at a CoTSPc-CMGCE. Anodic currents for the oxidation of the cysteine fragment of ferredoxin was observed at 0.85 V vs Ag/AgCl in HEPES buffer at pH 7.4, representing a new method for analysis of this protein. Voltammetric studies of its ferric/ferrous transition have shown quasi-reversible waves atE~ -0.62 V vs Ag/AgCl only in the presence of promoters. At a CoTSPc-CMGCE, a cathodic wave attributed to the reduction of Fe(III)/Fe(II) was observed at Epc -0.34 V vs Ag/AgCl. This represents an alternative method for voltammetric studies of the ferric/ferrous transition at significantly lowered potentials. Melatonin, a pineal gland hormone functions m setting and entraining circadian rhythms and in neuroprotection as a free radical scavenger and general antioxidant. Using adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry, the binding affinities of melatonin, serotonin and tryptophan for metals, were measured. The results showed that the following metal complexes were formed: aluminium with melatonin, serotonin and tryptophan; cadmium with melatonin and tryptophan; copper with melatonin and serotonin; iron (III) with melatonin and serotonin; lead with melatonin, tryptophan and serotonin, zinc with melatonin and tryptophan and iron (II) with tryptophan. The studies suggest a further role for melatonin in the reduction of free radical generation and in metal detoxification and may explain the accumulation of aluminium in Alzheimer's disease.

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Understanding the communications between programs can help software security engineers understand the behaviour of a system and detect vulnerabilities in a system. Assembly-level execution traces are used for this purpose for two reasons: 1) lack of source code of the running programs, and 2) assembly-level execution traces provide the most accurate run-time behaviour information. In this thesis, I present a communication analysis approach using such execution traces. I first model the message based communication in the context of trace analysis. Then I develop a method and the necessary algorithms to identify communications from a dual trace which consist of two assembly level execution traces. A prototype is developed for communication analysis. Finally, I conducted two experiments for communication analysis of interacting programs. These two experiments show the usefulness of the designed communication analysis approach, the developed algorithms and the implemented prototype. / Graduate / 2019-05-11

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