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Cheng Ching Yip Jimmy. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 1998-99, design report." / introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1 --- makyi ami --- p.2 / Chapter 2 --- interzones - extract from Gary Leeming. ukonllne.co.uk --- p.3 / "phenomenological suspension - SATRE for baginners. Donald Palme, Writers and Readers;1995,p.35 & 37" --- p.6 / Chapter 3 --- saving Private Ryan --- p.9 / vision Vs Caution --- p.11 / book design --- p.XX / Chapter 5 --- seoul night --- p.12 / urban parks --- p.13 / Chapter 6 --- "metal alloys - Braving the Elements, TIME:Special Issue; Jan.1998 p.69" --- p.14 / "vasari Corridor - At Risk, by Anonymous; South China Morning Post, Oct. 3, 1998" --- p.17 / Chapter 7 --- "urban nomad - Adapted from: Living in the Cross hairs of Fanatical Terrorism, by Christopher Dobson; South China Morning Post, Oct. 11, 1998" --- p.22 / Chapter 8 --- CIAM --- p.23 / determinism Vs discontinuitly --- p.27 / soliloquy of an old man --- p.31 / central district study --- p.X / the urban state --- p.X / stie selection 2 --- p.X / mei foo sun chuen - map --- p.X / drifting conversations --- p.X / site --- p.X / functional uniformity --- p.X / spatial uniformity --- p.X / computer models --- p.X / shading studies --- p.X / conclusions --- p.X / installation 1 --- p.X / urban forms --- p.X / kmb story --- p.X / cut-up technique --- p.- / wililam burroughs - www.netmonkey.com/1997/features/cutup/index.html --- p.X / leiSure pre-text --- p.X / transport pre-text --- p.X / programmatic development --- p.X / transport interchange planning --- p.X / initial concept --- p.X / programmatic reference --- p.X / stage II --- p.X / heavy urban parks --- p.X / "frames and forms - Structure and fabric; part 2. J.F. Foster, R. Harrington; Mitchell's Building Series, london. 1990, p 193" --- p.X / structural study I: the bridge beam --- p.X / structural study II: bridge beam development --- p.X / structural study III: bridge beam development --- p.X / structural study III: the megastructure --- p.X / "structural morphology: precedent studies - Modern Architecture: a critical History, K. Frampton. Thames and Hudson, ed.1985" --- p.X / "stage III: a mesh structure can be park area - Modern Achitecture since 1900, William JR Curtis.Phaidon Press Limited. 2nd ed.1987.p26,345" --- p.X / structural study IV: the megastructure development - Future Systems; the story of tomorrow. Martin Pawley. Phaidon Press Limited. 2nd ed.1993.p128-129 --- p.X / "structural study V: the megastructure design development - Structures et formes, Marc Mimram. Bordas Paris. 2nd ed.1983.p62-63" --- p.X / presentation layout --- p.X / key drawings --- p.X

My dissertation questions contemporary accounts of a transition from modern to global urbanization, as embedded in urban geography literature and in popular debates, policies, and urban planning practices in Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada. The dominant transition narrative argues that there has been a shift from forms of modern urbanization (localized, state-based transitions from rural to urban) to emergent and uncertain forms of global, even planetary, urbanization: that we live, for the first time in human history, in an urban world. These accounts claim, ultimately, that the spacetimes, forms, categories, and practices or experiences of urbanization have changed irrevocably, and that politics is changing with it. In other words, they offer what I call transition metanarratives of the spatiotemporality, ontology, epistemology, and phenomenology of both urbanization and politics. Despite these claims of radical transformations in urbanization and politics, the geographic and political imaginaries in these accounts rely on boundary practices that invoke distinctively modern arrangements. The patterns of progress and return that these boundary practices generate are characteristic of the aporia. An aporia is a line that, in the process of being drawn, simultaneous constitutes entities, categories, or concepts as mutually incompatible and jointly necessary (Derrida 1993). These entities can take the form of a traditional binary (rural/urban; nature/culture; local/global; whiteness/other), or of a presence and its limit (this body/that body; community/lack of community), or of what might be called the boundaries of authorization (spacetime, ontology, epistemology, phenomenology). In all cases, aporetic boundaries create inherently unstable relations that Foucault (2002: 371) characterizes as the “hiatus between the ‘and,’” the spatial gap and temporal pause within the dynamic of determination and redetermination. The instability of the aporetic hiatus generates a desire for sovereign security, even as it ensures that sovereignty is an impossible dream. My dissertation interprets development iii iv proposals and community plans in Kelowna as expressions of these patterns of aporetic boundary generation, degeneration, and regeneration. In the midst of this encounter with seemingly over-determined limits, the aporetic hiatus offers a productive site of under- determination, where the drive for the sovereign capacity to decide and determine is held, temporarily at least, in abeyance. I use local aesthetic productions – the ‘revitalization’ of the downtown main street; an artist’s residency/installation piece – to engage the hiatus as a site where the vulnerability of aporetic boundaries can be experienced not as threat but as possibility. Rather than a determinative politics of the alternative, the transition, or the escape, which reproduces dominant modern geographical and political boundaries as authoritative and inescapable, this aporetic hiatus opens modes of engaging with the unstable boundaries of politics, without the panicked return to sovereign decision- making. / Graduate / delacey@uvic.ca

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

The purpose of this dissertation is to bring institutional economic theory into synthesis with aspects of pluralist political theory, and relate the results in terms of urban affairs. The research method was bibliographic. Selected works from each body of theory were examined, the elements to be used in the synthesis were selected, and the selected elements were combined in the dissertation. Building on a concept of an ends-means continuum (John Dewey and Clarence.Ayres), the question addressed is: How are the tensions between backward-clinging ceremonialism and progressive technology (Thorstein Veblen and Clarence Ayres) resolved into institutional change and progress? Collective action (John Commons) provides an answer. And the aspects of collective action dealing with changes in laws yield to theories of interest-group politics (David Truman, Earl Latham, and Robert Dahl). The Results appear to have good explanatory power regarding both technological and institutional bases of urbanization.

The Problem.- Retail trade is larger in some cities of smaller population than in others of a greater population. Wealth, which indicates purchasing power, seems to play some part in directing the pattern of retail trade in different cities. An investigator wishing to find whether the retail market is over- or under-developed in a city or group of cities may find that, although the population is slightly smaller than in a similar city, indications of wealth are sources of a potential purchasing power greater than that of a city with a larger population. He must consult authorities who have studied similar problems scientifically or work out some method of determining which city to select as a potential market for development. He will find some statements by marketing experts concerning the part played by population and wealth, but in general he will find that available works contain vague, conflicting, or indefinite statements concerning the tendency of retail trade to follow population or wealth without many scientific attempts being made to evaluate these factors and prove these statements. The present study, working on the hypothesis that of the two, population and wealth (purchasing power), one exerts a greater influence on retail trade than the other. To test this hypothesis, this investigation makes use of correlation techniques. Specifically, since the value of a study of this nature would be lessened by attempting to generalize about all parts of the United States, we shall select southeastern cities which are similar to those in Georgia. Next, we shall select a trade which is not affected to a great extent by purchasers from outside the limits of the city. Finally, we shall classify all factors under the headings of trade, population, and purchasing power. Importance of the Problem.- If the analysis shows that either population or wealth is relatively more important than the other, it should be possible to make some generalizations about trade in urban Georgia and in similar southeastern cities. This study may add to the slowly accumulating knowledge of markets which is assuming more and more the aspects of an accurate science. The business census of 1930 first gave the United States and its research workers something more definite than the guesses and estimates with which they were forced to work in former years. Method of Procedure and Data.- The factors relating to population and weal.th are selected by logical methods. We shall make use of factors which have been found to be associated with trade by other investigators, and shall employ the data which are available for 1929. The year 1929 is selected because it is the only year for which accurate data are available on population, retail trade, and income factors. The censuses of business taken in 1933 and 1935 are forced to estimate population, since an accurate count of population is taken only every ten years. The cities, representative of Georgia urban areas, are selected by arranging all states in the Southeast, as defined by Odum a.nd Moore, 1 according to rank in income per capita in non-farm centers. The states selected are Tennessee, Mississippi, Georgia, Florida, and Virginia. The cities are above 30,000 in population. The information on cities with smaller population is too meager to allow the factors to be classified and studied. To measure wealth, we construct an index of purchasing power composed of the most potent factors relating to income properly weighted. This index will be correlated with the population data, estimates of relative importance arrived at, analyzed, classified, and used as the basis for the conclusions of this study. All available models of such a study are analyzed, and their conclusions are compared with conclusions reached in this study. There are limitations to such a study. Many complex factors are hard to measure, such as location, transportation facilities, and competition, which are not taken into account. This is partly overcome by selecting cities which are in the Southeast and which are similar to cities in Georgia in respect of per capita personal income. Selecting a trade not affected by external trade to a great extent should overcome the difficulty caused by rural trade flowing into cities for shopping goods. The data consist of statistics gathered by governmental and business agencies1 for the period of 1929. Summary of Work by Other Investigators.- There is a. relative scarcity of work on problems of this type for at least two reasons: (1) the methods of multiple correlation are relatively new, and only recently scatter diagrams and other graphic devices have been used to reduce the tremendous amount of mathematical work involved; (2) data on business end economic features of the United States have only become available since the first census of retail distribution was taken in 1929 by the United States Bureau of the Census in that year and in 1933 and 1935. For this reason it is difficult to secure data which could be used to construct an index of purchasing power. A number of studies have been made of the effect of out-of-town trade on urban trade and location of stores within cities, but few of these studies have made use of multiple correlation or purchasing power indexes. The following summary illustrates the difficulties encountered in trying to find a general agreement among authorities on the relative influence of wealth and population. Converse and Mitchell feel that larger towns attract more trade than smaller towns. Dr. Margaret G. Reid states that retail activity and centers increase with the population of the community. The U.S. Bureau of the Census stresses the influence of population on wholesale trade and finds a correlation of .84 with population by the rank data method. J. M. Cassels finds that retail trade is concentrated where population is most dense and where consumers have less opportunity to be self-supporting. Inez K. Rolph concludes that population is the more important factor influencing intra-city trade. 5 This group of authorities stresses population. The following group emphasizes wealth or purchasing power. Lawrence B. Mann finds income and banking resources are more important than population. Dr. Ennna Winslow emphasizes the importance of purchasing power in the study of consumer markets and recommends the construction of a statistical index of purchasing power. Riggleman and Frisbee recognize population's importance but lean heavily toward purchasing power as the vital factor in a market. Eaton Van Wert Read stresses purchasing power and likens shopping dollars to magnetized particles drawn more by shopping goods and less by convenience goods. He employs simple, partial, and multiple correlation. John A. Pfanner, Jr. minimizes population and uses multiple and simple correlation as well as scatter diagrams to test twenty four variables connected with wealth.

Detta arbete undersöker vad som kan sägas utgöra kärnan i Garden cities-idealet utifrån Ebenezer Howards definition och Johan Rådbergs tolkning av Howard. Vidare undersöker arbetet hur idealet kan tolkas, förstås och appliceras i en nutida svensk kontext. De gestaltningsprinciper som kan sägas vara bärande för idealet används som utgångspunkt för utformandet av en illustrationsplan över Varvsstaden i Malmö. Därmed exemplifieras hur idealet kan förstås konkret i planeringssammanhang och vilka effekter som följer på ett genomförande av idealet i en central stadsdel i en storstad. För den teoretiska delen av arbetet används en innehållsanalys och de gestaltningsprinciper som utläses som bärande för Garden cities-idealet skisseras sedan fram i syfte att skapa "visuella verktyg" för den illustrationsplan som arbetas fram. Arbetet visar att det är fullt möjligt att utforma en central stadsdel i enlighet med Garden cities-idealet och uppnå ett relativt högt exploateringstal som resultat.

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