A total of 840 fish species names (belonging to 143 families) were gathered from the Taiwan coastal area-economic geographical database. [http://fishdb.sinica.edu. tw/ 2001new/main1.asp] The near-shore area of Taiwan were divided into eight areas for studies of geographical distribution and biodiversity pattern. Biological data for individual species was gathered from ICLARM (Fishbase) including trophic level and VBGF growth parameters. The temporal and spatial difference between different areas were studied using traditional statistical methods and S-P chart analysis. The results show that Eastern area has higher trophic level , asymptotic length (L¡Û) , maturity length (Lm) , age at maturity (Tm) and Maximum age (Tmax) than the West. Also the Eastern has relatively lower food items on plant , M value and K values. Presence and absence of fish species were organized and presented into the so-called S-P chart for demonstrating the interaction between species or family diversity and habit. Results on family level show that the West has greatest species richness (96 families) in contrast to the North-West and South-East (69 families).A total of 29 families distributed at all areas, whereas fishes belonging to the other 22 families can only be found on one single area. Results on species level show that the West has greatest species richness (538 species) in contrast to the North-West (207 species).Result from the S-P chart also serves for statistical testing in identifying the significance difference on species-habit interactions among different area of fish populations. Cluster analysis show that North-East , East and South-East can be grouped into one group. The other individual groups were North-West , West , South-West , North and South.

Overweight and obesity in Canada has significantly increased during the last three decades, paralleled by increased intake of fat and sugar particularly sugary beverages leading to higher level of energy intake, as well as reduction in physical activity. Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2.2, 2004 (CCHS 2.2), provides the opportunity to evaluate beverage intakes of Canadians in relation to overweight and obesity using Body Mass Index (BMI).<p> To examine the association between sugar-sweetened beverages and BMI in Canadian adults, we used data from CCHS 2.2 (n=14,304, aged >18 year and <65 year) in which dietary intake was assessed using 24-h recall. In various steps, data on beverage consumption were identified, coded and classified. Using descriptive statistics, we determined total gram intake and the contribution of each beverage to total energy intake among age/sex groups. To determine the most suitable patterns of beverage consumptions among Canadian adults, a cluster analysis K-means method was applied. Males and females were classified into distinct clusters based on the dominant pattern of beverage intakes. Finally, step-wise logistic regression models were used to determine associations between sugar-sweetened beverages and BMI, controlling for age, marital status, income, education, physical activity, total energy intake, immigration status, smoking habits and ethnicity. To account for complex survey design, all data were weighted and bootstrapped.<p> BMI in women with predominant fruit drink pattern (791.1±32.9 g) was significantly higher than those with no dominant pattern in beverage consumption (28.3±1 vs. 26.8±0.3 respectively, P<0.001). In women, high intake of fruit drinks was a significant predictor of overweight (OR=1.84, 95% C.I:1.06-3.20), obesity (OR=2.55, 95% C.I:1.46-4.47) and overweight/obesity (OR=2.05, 95% C.I:1.29-3.25). In men, mean BMI was not different among beverage consumption clusters and none of the beverages was a predictor for overweight and obesity. For the first time, in a nationally representative data, we report association of sugar-sweetened beverages and overweight and obesity in Canadian women.

Overweight and obesity in Canada has significantly increased during the last three decades, paralleled by increased intake of fat and sugar particularly sugary beverages leading to higher level of energy intake, as well as reduction in physical activity. Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2.2, 2004 (CCHS 2.2), provides the opportunity to evaluate beverage intakes of Canadians in relation to overweight and obesity using Body Mass Index (BMI).<p> To examine the association between sugar-sweetened beverages and BMI in Canadian adults, we used data from CCHS 2.2 (n=14,304, aged >18 year and <65 year) in which dietary intake was assessed using 24-h recall. In various steps, data on beverage consumption were identified, coded and classified. Using descriptive statistics, we determined total gram intake and the contribution of each beverage to total energy intake among age/sex groups. To determine the most suitable patterns of beverage consumptions among Canadian adults, a cluster analysis K-means method was applied. Males and females were classified into distinct clusters based on the dominant pattern of beverage intakes. Finally, step-wise logistic regression models were used to determine associations between sugar-sweetened beverages and BMI, controlling for age, marital status, income, education, physical activity, total energy intake, immigration status, smoking habits and ethnicity. To account for complex survey design, all data were weighted and bootstrapped.<p> BMI in women with predominant fruit drink pattern (791.1±32.9 g) was significantly higher than those with no dominant pattern in beverage consumption (28.3±1 vs. 26.8±0.3 respectively, P<0.001). In women, high intake of fruit drinks was a significant predictor of overweight (OR=1.84, 95% C.I:1.06-3.20), obesity (OR=2.55, 95% C.I:1.46-4.47) and overweight/obesity (OR=2.05, 95% C.I:1.29-3.25). In men, mean BMI was not different among beverage consumption clusters and none of the beverages was a predictor for overweight and obesity. For the first time, in a nationally representative data, we report association of sugar-sweetened beverages and overweight and obesity in Canadian women.

Under the mechanism of natural selection, creatures are forced to evolve naturally in order to survive. Keen-sighted jumping spiders have long been considered as the main predation pressure of terrestrial arthropod. Many species benefit from mimicking the appearance of jumping spider. In this study according to the experimental data from Wang (2009b), a data analysis is undertaken concerning male Ptocasius strupifer¡¦s behavior to different subject groups, namely, male Ptocasius strupifer, female Ptocasius strupifer, male Plexippus paykulli, female Plexippus paykulli, Cataclysta angulata and Eugauria albidentata, so as to investigate the jumping spider mimicry of Eugauria albidentata. In this work, our interest is to compare the behavior of male Ptocasius strupifer on Eugauria albidentata with there of the other five groups mentioned above, and identify which one is the most similar to there of Eugauria albidentata . We use different statistical methods, i.e. likelihood ratio test, factor analysis and cluster analysis to evaluate the closeness of the behavior between different groups. According to the analysis result, it shows that the behavior of Ptocasius strupifer towards Eugauria albidentata is more similar to those of both female Ptocasius strupifer and female Plexippus paykulli. Moreover there is a wide discrepancy between Eugauria albidentata and Cataclysta angulata, although both of them belong to Musotiminae.

The water masses in the Taiwan Strait (TS) contain the Kuroshio Branch Water (KBW), the South China Sea Surface Water (SCSSW), and the China Coastal Water (CCW). The seasonality of their temporal and spatial variations is modified by the East Asia monsoon and the bottom topography. Hydrographic data acquired during 1985-2003 were studied using a cluster analysis for the classification of the water masses. In addition to the three water masses identified previously, the cluster analysis further classified the Subsurface Water (SBW) under 100 m depth in the Penghu Channel (PHC) and the Coastal Water (CW) along the China coast in summer. Results derived from the cluster analysis together with the T-S diagram suggest that the KBW and SBW dominates in the PHC, whereas CCW occupies in the north TS from January to April. After May, the SCSSW replaces the KBW in the TS through PHC. Meanwhile, the CW distributes along the northwest bank of the TS. After the onset of northeast monsoon in October, the CCW intrudes southward to the northern TS, yet the KBW is confined in the PHC. A zonal oceanic front is clearly seen between the two water masses over the Chang-Yuen Rise in winter. As for the NTMW, it presents below 30 m depth during May and September, and would distribute in depths 0-100 m in other months. The monthly hydrographic databank established in this study has a horizontal grid resolution of 10'x10'. The vertical levels are set at depths 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 125, 150, and 200 m. The study also concludes that there is hardly a northward flow in the TS in winter connecting the South China Sea Warm Current to the so-called Taiwan Warm Current.

Thesis (M.S.) -- New Jersey Institute of Technology, Dept. of Computer and Information Science, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.A.)--Western Kentucky University, 2009 / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 28-31).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Rutgers University, 2009. / "Graduate Program in Computer Science." Includes bibliographical references (p. 78-82).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2002. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 191-214). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2003. / Thesis advisor(s): Samuel E. Buttrey, Lyn R. Whitaker. Includes bibliographical references (p. 147-148). Also available online.