This study employs tourism model as research framework to examine the of tourism development in Penghu. The study involves three objectives. The first objective is to assess the influence of the external environment (including political, economical, natural, technological, social, and culture aspect) on the tourism development of Penghu. The second objective is to discuss the government policies that facilitate the tourism development of Penghu and tourism investment with gaming industry from foreign countries. Due to the controversial nature of gaming industry, this study examines both its positive and negative impact for developing appropriate gaming managerial policy. The third objective is to develop Penghu¡¦s tourism marketing strategies by integrating related tourism services, activities and destinations for enhancing the tourism quality of Penghu. The integration will support Penghu to develop marketing strategies for proper utilize the tourism resources of Penghu. In order to achieve the above objectives, the study uses tourism model and focus group which includes tourism related government officials, public representatives, civil groups, tourism practitioners and scholars in Penghu to analyze the external environment, government¡¦s tourism policy and Penghu¡¦s tourism marketing strategies. The result of the study can be the references for the tourism development of Penghu. The findings of the study are as following: (1) political, economical, natural, technological, social, and culture external environment all possess strong influence to the tourism development of Penghu. Therefore, government officials and tourism practitioners should consider the influence of external environment for making tourism policies or marketing strategies. (2) Central government should coordinate with local government for effectively making and implementing tourism policy. (3) Tourism management and marketing strategy are critical to the success of tourism development of Penghu. The integration of tourism related services, activities and destinations can effectively utilize Penghu¡¦s tourism resources. At last, based on external environment, government policies, and tourism industry, this study develops expected tourism policies and marketing strategies for enhancing the tourism development of Penghu.

Thesis (M. Inst. Agrar.(Agricultural Economics))--University of Pretoria, 2004. / Includes summary. Includes bibliographical references.

published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

published_or_final_version / Politics and Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration

published_or_final_version / Politics and Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration

published_or_final_version / Politics and Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration

published_or_final_version / Politics and Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration

While investment incentives are increasingly employed by the developing economies, the vast amount of literature has failed to reach a consensus on the role of incentive regimes. A fundamental problem with the previous econometric studies is that they assume a mature market condition, under which the government should remain outside FDI competition. However, in reality, most developing countries lack a mature market and market-oriented regulatory institutions. This thesis adds to the conventional wisdom by examining whether and how Chinese investment incentive regimes have been successful in harnessing FDI during the last three decades. Like many developing economies, China is still in the process of building a market economy. The striking ability of China to attract FDI with numerous incentives presents a meaningful laboratory for examining the role of investment incentives. In contrast to most previous economic studies, this thesis does not attempt to examine the economic mechanisms of investment incentives. The basic presumption of this thesis is that incentive measures are instrument of state intervention with designed policy goals. A policy-oriented approach has thus been adopted, under which the role of investment incentives is examined against precisely defined policy objectives in a particular policy context. In China’s case, the efficacy of investment incentives is shown by a strategic and dynamic correlation between the investment incentive regime and its achieved development goals. In the given policy context, their functions cannot be replaced by more desirable instruments due to the political and economic constraints. Besides the economic evaluation, the study adds the legal dimension of evaluation on investment incentives. From a legal perspective, the regulatory space for developing countries is increasingly defined by the international legal regime. Investment incentives should be framed in a way to balance national interests and the level of protection required for foreign investment. The evolution of China’s incentive regime presents a good example to integrate global consensus with domestic imperatives. By unifying its income tax system, China adopted an incentive regime generally consistent with its WTO commitments and could be utilized to its advantages. However, serious problems inherent in the incentive system have already emerged in China, which may hamper its economic development in the long run. The thesis shows that the state’s capacity to channel FDI towards development goals is declining, as its intrusiveness has given way to arbitrariness. A top-down approach deprives foreign investors of their channels to communicate their opinions to the policymakers. The local arbitrariness and corruption in incentive implementation will compound the problem and hinder the inflows of high quality foreign investment. The thesis then proposes that the investment incentive regime in China needs to be upgraded into a more legalized system with non-discrimination, transparency, coherence and an effective monitoring mechanism as its central features. The legalization process would help to alleviate the negative effects of investment incentives. In the absence of a political infrastructure compatible with a rules-based system, the Chinese government needs to start with redefining the government-business relationship with a legal framework and reinforcing an independent judicial system. / published_or_final_version / Law / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Aging population is a worldwide phenomenon and Hong Kong is of no exception. Around 13% of the total population was aged over 65 in mid-2011 and it is projected to follow a remarkable rising trend in the future. In view of this and the increasing housing demand of the elderly people, the Hong Kong Government has adopted the concept of “Aging in Place” and “Community Care” to initiate a serious of housing policies and provisions to cater for the various special needs of the low-income elderly. For those middle-income elderly who are outside the “welfare net” of the government, the Hong Kong Housing Society has implemented the “Senior Citizen Residences Scheme” a decade ago which offers a choice of residence for them to live a safe, comfortable and independent lifestyle with provision of integrated elderly care services. In this paper, the eligibility, scheme features, housing facilities, provision of services, operation arrangements and community supports of Housing for Senior Citizens (HSC) provided by the HKHA and Senior Citizen Residences Scheme (SEN) provided by the HKHS will be studied to evaluate the effectiveness of the housing schemes provided by both organizations. Factors that contribute to life satisfaction and successful aging of the elderly will be further looked into. Based on the comments collected from the questionnaires distributed to the elderly residents of the HKHA and HKHS housing estates under study, recommendations will then be given for future improvement of the housing policies. / published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management