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由於數據、模型等的尺度依賴性，尺度不匹配可能導致錯誤的結論。尤其在相互作用的地理過程研究，尺度適宜性對認知地理過程起著至關重要的作用。本文結合珠三角地區的氣象場和空氣品質過程模擬，對地理過程研究中的尺度適宜性問題進行了研究。 / 首先，基於尺度概念的定義，本文提出了地理過程研究中的四組尺度適宜性問題：多地理過程層、維度層、類型層和組成成分層。分析了其可操作級別以及評估流程和指標。 / 第二，在WRF模型中引入多解析度地形數據以研究數據與模型在氣象過程模擬的尺度適宜性。結果表明由於DEM數據與模型的尺度不適宜，可能對氣象變數的模擬帶來較大偏差。而3和30秒解析度的DEM數據與1千米解析度的模型可以較好地模擬香港地區的氣象過程。本案例有助於通過考慮尺度適宜性來提高氣象場的模擬能力。 / 第三，針對模擬模型與地理過程的尺度適宜性，應用WRF和CALMET模擬了香港地區的氣象過程。結果表明CALMET可以更好地模擬香港的氣象過程，但是WRF與CALMET模擬結果的差異在空間分佈上是異質的，即複雜地表條件的區域CALMET模擬改進明顯。多尺度模擬的結果也表明了跨尺度地理過程的相互影響，有助於多尺度地理過程模擬與認知。 / 第四，設計並研發了面向空氣品質過程的多尺度虛擬地理環境系統。本系統應用LAMP架構，支援模擬知識的管理、跨平臺及分散式平行計算，亦考慮到模擬的尺度依賴性，將有助於多尺度空氣品質過程的模擬和認知。應用該系統，對多尺度SO₂濃度過程進行模擬並分析了香港當地排放源的分擔率。較低的本地分擔率表明香港政府仍需要加強區域合作來治理空氣污染問題。 / 本論文的研究不僅加強對地理過程研究中的多尺度以及尺度適宜性問題的認知，有助於分解和研究複雜的尺度適宜性問題，研究案例和原型系統亦將會對香港和珠三角地區的空氣品質過程理解和管理作出有益貢獻。 / Although multiscale data and models are taken into account to study geography, due to their scale dependence, the scale mismatching may cause adverse results. Thus, scale compatibility is becoming crucial to decode geographic process, especially, for the interactive geographic processes. This thesis focused on scale compatibility in geographic process with a case study of multiscale meteorological and air quality simulation in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) and the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region. / Firstly, based on the conceptual definition of scale, this dissertation identifies four groups of scale compatibility in geographic process research: multiple process level, dimension level, type level and component level. By illustrating the different operational levels from the abstract to operational, the author proposes a procedure to implement scale compatibility with potential criteria. / Secondly, scale compatibility in the reproduction of meteorological process is investigated between multiscale digital elevation model (DEM) data and the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF). The experiments show that: DEM data with 3 and 30 arc sec resolutions are relatively more compatible with the WRF model of 1 km resolution to reproduce the meteorological field over Hong Kong; and uncertainty arising from scale mismatching between DEM data and the model may account for 38% of the variance in certain meteorological variables (e.g., temperature). This case study not only helps to improve meteorological simulations by taking the issue of scale compatibility into account, but also explains the significance and implementation of scale compatibility in geographic process research. / Thirdly, this thesis utilizes multiscale meteorological models to study the scale compatibility between dynamic models and interested geographic process. We conduct validation through three steps: daily statistics, spatial comparison and time series. The results support the idea that CALifornia METeorological model (CALMET) is more compatible to reproduce the meteorology process in Hong Kong; however, the discrepancy between the WRF and CALMET is spatially heterogeneous, with larger improvement over the area of complex topography and land use. The results also give evidence about the cross-scale interaction to interpret multi-scale geographic process. / Fourthly, applying the above findings, this dissertation presents a multiscale Virtual Geographic Environments (VGE) system to integrate geographical analysis and multiscale models in a cross-platform and parallel manner. With database system and Linux-Apache-MySQL-Perl (LAMP) architecture, users can manage and retrieve modeling concerning both data and model parameterization to help them reach a consensus on the simulation results and share modeling knowledge. Scale compatibility among data, models and analysis is also considered in the system design. Aided with high-resolved and regulable emission inventory, such multiscale system enables the practical application for various scenarios. As a case study, the VGE is applied to simulate and analyze the SO₂ concentration process and local contribution in HKSAR. / Achievements of this dissertation should greatly contribute to a better cognition of multiscale issues and scale compatibility concerning geographic process, and the VGE is expected to contribute to better understanding and management of air quality for both HKSAR and PRD. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Zhang, Chunxiao. / Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 135-157). / Abstracts also in Chinese.

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Call number: LD2668 .T4 1984 B76 / Master of Science

The thesis describes a realization of distributed experimental frame concepts in DEVS-SCHEME, an object-oriented simulation environment. Also discussed, are the design and implementation issues concerning the attachments of frame components to a model in a given model structure. The algorithm for the attachments is derived to set up the model composition and model couplings when needed. An example of a simplified computer system which consists of a CPU, and a memory management (MGMT), is presented to demonstrate how such a system is observed and experimented with under centralized and decentralized experimental frames. A graphical interactive interface is provided to facilitate the attachments of frame components to models. The simulation shows that the theory regarding decentralized experimental frames is correct and feasible. Some prospective research topics and future study activities are also brought up.

隨著全球化營運的佈局以及企業追求時效與速度的壓力下、企業開始重視其上游、下游廠商之快速反應與連結性、以能及時提供對企業有利的資訊以提供全球化的競爭力。由全球供應鏈協會(Supply Chain Council)所提出的SCOR(Supply Chain Operations Reference-model)，主要強調提升企業現有流程並整合其類似產業之管理活動與資訊系統以達到未來最佳化之供應鏈管理模式。此外近年來VIC所提倡的協同商務之新發展模式CPFR®（Collaborative Planning、Forecasting、Replenishment---協同、規劃、預測、補貨），是以全方位的思維與協同合作方式，來為供應鏈中的各企業夥伴降低供應鏈成本，增加整體利潤；其目標為藉由共同務實的方法，以提高內部企業合作的利益。 近來國外各大製造商紛紛推行CPFR前導作業(Pilot project)， 國內企業如中環(CMC)、力山集團(Rexon)也開始通行CPFR各項流程活動，但由於CPFR目前的指示書(Roadmap)與其九大步驟只分別對於導入流程有統略性的解釋，並無詳細導入流程步驟解釋，這使得企業導入CPFR®時需要花費長時間了解其CPFR之精隨。 有鑑於此，本研究透過文獻探討彙整的方式，以瞭解企業成功導入CPFR之方法，；接著，利用模式推導方式，並結合SCOR企業流程模式與CPFR協同商務模式，提出適合企業導入CPFR商業流程模式之參考模式及建議，將其參考模式針對個案公司之情境作流程上的模擬 ； 再者本研究將以製造業為例，對事先選定之個案公司透過深入訪談、實際觀察、企業內部文件及檔案資料收集方式，輔以非結構化問卷進行個案研究 ； 最後，對此個案研究所得之結論與參考模式模擬之結果，以供未來國內企業導入CPFR之參考。 / Under the trend of globalize marketing, business firms are facing the challenges of operation efficiency and speed. Enterprises starting to get more attention on the capabilities of upper and lower-stream partners, abilities like quick response, connectivity and able to provide useful information for the company to gain greater advantage on globalize market. The SCOR (Supply Chain Operations Reference-model) from Supply Chain Council provided the integration of supply chain management activities, which includes current business activities, business process activities and IT enabling activities. Furthermore, VIC advocated a new collaborative SCM model CPFR (Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment) to decrease costs and increase sales by putting all members of partner in supply chain in a collaborative environment. Concerning on the CPFR deployment we have found that CPFR only provided a general process model, no further explanation on each process function and lack of specific detail activities. Therefore deployment of CPFR sometimes occur difficulty. In order to realize the critical factors for a company to successful deploys CPFR, several literature reviews were conducted in this thesis. In this research, we tend to develop an implementation methodology that contains both spirits from SCOR process model and CPFR collaborative model. Furthermore, this methodology will be test and verify in real-case process simulation in order to adjust our reference model from real case situation. At last, research results such as 1) Industrial CPFR implementation reference model, 2) Current state of domestic CPFR deployment, 3) Environmental factors between overseas and domestic CPFR deployment and 4) Key successful factors to be implement CPFR for domestic companies, will be generate for future domestic CPFR deployment.

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