The study indicates that the motives which impelled the creation of the Protectorate of Southern Nigeria were complex, variable, and sometimes contradictory. Many Englishmen within and without the government, indeed, advocated the occupation of the area to suppress the slave trade, but this humanitarian ambition, on balance, was not as significant as political and economic interests. The importance of the Niger waterway, rivalry with France and other maritime nations, andmissionary work, all led Britain to adopt a policy of aggrandizement and to proclaim a protectorate over the Niger districts, thereby laying the foundation for modern Nigeria. The London government acquired territory through negotiating treaties with the native chiefs, conquest, and purchase. British policy and consular rule between 1851 and 1906 was characterized by gunboat diplomacy, brutality, and flagrant disregard for treaty rights; nonetheless, the British presence has made a positive impact on Nigeria's historical, political, economic, intellectual, and cultural development.

Plagiarism is a worldwide problem that is widely recognised in developed countries. There is increasing plagiarism awareness in developing countries such as Nigeria. Problems can arise when students with a low level awareness of plagiarism move from developing to developed countries for further studies. Given their previous academic background which differs from that of the western education system, some students contend with issues of plagiarism for most of the period of their study overseas. This thesis identifies a need to explore issues related to the Nigerian university system including Nigerian students studying in Nigerian universities and those travelling overseas for further studies. This investigation into student textual plagiarism was aimed at exploring the awareness, perception and attitude of Nigerian students to plagiarism. Furthermore, the research aimed to determine the types and causes of student plagiarism and Nigerian universities’ responses, policies, guidelines and prevention mechanisms. The thesis proposes a conceptual model for managing the occurrence of student plagiarism that can be consistently used across the Nigerian universities as an approach to the deterrence of plagiarism amongst students. A mixed methodology was adopted to harness the advantages of both qualitative and quantitative methods with a greater leaning on the qualitative data collected using a phenomenographic approach. Findings from this research confirmed the perceived occurrence of student plagiarism in Nigerian universities studied, showing that a significant proportion of students were unaware of the concept, and where they claimed awareness and understanding, their understanding was partial. This research revealed that the major causes of the perceived occurrence of Nigerian students’ textual plagiarism were associated with the students, staff, universities and the society. The thesis discusses these findings in the context of existing literature. Findings related to the students revealed issues in relation to the lack of: awareness, study skills, mastery of requisite academic writing skills, previous experience with virtual learning environments, mastery of information and communication technology skills. Findings also identified inadequate perception of the concept and inability to acquire and effectively transfer the skills from the learning outcomes of the ‘technical writing’ course offered in their first or second year to other courses offered. Issues identified in relation to the lecturers were: perception and disposition towards teaching the requisite skills, the degree of emphasis they placed on the concept, poor monitoring of the students’ use of the skills acquired and the type of roles they modelled. Regarding the institutions, issues identified were related to the academic learning environment. This was with respect to the: academic climate and culture, infrastructure, pedagogy, perception of the institutions’ views about the importance of plagiarism and institutional policies, procedures and guidelines on dealing with student plagiarism. On the part of the government, there were issues regarding inadequate financial commitment to the education sector. The proposed conceptual model for managing the occurrence of student plagiarism is designed around the findings of this research. Findings from the research impacted on the Nigerian universities in several ways, particularly in the area of raising student plagiarism awareness and highlighting the need for upholding academic integrity which has contributed to the recent adoption of Turnitin as a standard tool for checking text matching in 115 Nigerian universities.

The recent awareness created by the UN Secretary General on the need to provide universal energy for all by 2030, which culminated in the declaration of 2012 as the “International Year of Sustainable Energy for All”, laid particular emphasis on the challenge of funding rural electrification in developing countries, and the need for innovative ways and financing options to be developed at national, regional and global levels towards achieving the ‘energy for all’ target of 2030. This research, as part of efforts towards remedying the rural electrification scourge of developing countries, particularly in Nigeria, provides financing options for rural electrification as far as the Nigerian Electricity Supply Industry (NESI) context is concerned. The study does this by first identifying appropriate least-cost electrification supply mode (Grid, Mini-grid and Off-grid), and estimating the financing requirement for providing universal energy access to rural Nigeria by 2030, using a spatial electricity planning model called the ‘Network Planner’. Results from this research shows that by the end of the seventeen year planning period (2013-2030), 98% of currently un-electrified communities will be viable for grid expansion, while only 2% will be mini-grid compatible. This is based on a proposed MV line extension of 12,193,060 metres or (12,193 kilometres), LV line length proposal of 711,954,700 metres or (711,954 kilometres), and an estimated total cost of US$34.5 billion investment within the planning period. More so, a total number of 28.5 million households are to be electrified by 2030, which is equivalent to an estimated 125million people to be provided electricity by 2030.The analysis was done for the 36 states of Nigeria and the entire country, using data from the 774 Local Government Areas of Nigeria. In addition to the Rural Electrification Fund (REF) of the FGN, which gets funding from yearly budgetary allocations from the FGN, fines obtained by NERC, surplus appropriation, interests accruing to the REF and donations from various sources, the following financing options were recommended for rural electrification in Nigeria: The establishment of a Renewable Energy Development Charge (REDC); The establishment of a Rural Electrification Fund Tax (REFT) Law; adopting rural electrification as part of Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) for oil and other companies; Exploring the option of Crowd-funding; and Establishing a Renewable Energy Private Equity Fund in Nigeria.

This study examined beliefs in supernatural causation of both Igbo and Yoruba ethnic groups in Nigeria. The study focuses on the beliefs that treatment of any patient involves exorcism of the invading spirit. A significant number of members of the two ethnic groups believe in the active presence of the spirit world, ancestral spirits, gods, and in reincarnation. Consequently, any illness or misfortune is often attributed to the wrath of the gods or neglect of the spirit world. Content analysis of data gathered through participant observation was the primary means used in the analysis of this study. Subjects were Igbo and Yoruba natives of three age groups. These groups included traditional age, transitional age, and modern age generations. This research found that both Igbo and Yoruba ethnic groups tend to turn to beliefs in supernatural causation during serious illnesses, accidents and deaths. However, as individuals move from traditional age to modern age, they tend to believe less in supernatural causation in Igbo and Yoruba communities, despite the introduction of modern medicine. Specific reasons for the persistence of beliefs in supernatural causation in Igbo and Yoruba communities, despite the introduction of modern medicine, is a topic for further research.

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / This thesis seeks to demonstrate that such structural explanations as economic underdevelopment, ethnic fragmentation, and political corruption for the collapse of democracy in Nigeria in 1966, are insufficient. This study further demonstrates that the immediate cause of the collapse was the failure of the young democratic government to respond to the challenge posed by military opportunism through adequate civilian control strategies. The thesis argues that democratization is attainable in Nigeria if elected governments devise appropriate control strategies to check military opportunism while strengthening and legitimizing their own rule. It acknowledged that the first government of Nigeria's Fourth Republic, installed on May 29 1999, appears to have learned this lesson. The thesis concludes that constant vigilance on the part of successive governments will be essential as the Fourth Republic passes through the long process of democratic transition and consolidation. / http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1116 / Civilian, Ministry of Defense, Nigeria

No description available.

The aim of this final thesis is to evaluate the impact of British colonialism on Nigeria and Kenya, to describe positives and negatives. Attention is paid to relations between countries in the period of colonial rule, the development of nationalist movements, the transition to independence, and contemporary relations between the countries. The aim is also to identify differences in the colonization of Nigeria and Kenya. For each country there are mentioned important factors affecting the development of political and socio-economic relations.

Magister Legum - LLM / There is a lot of speculation regarding potential benefits that the adoption of cryptocurrency use and cryptocurrency intermediation may have for the African continent due to the macro-economic instability of African financial markets caused by hyperinflation; high rate of unbanked populations; and the need for an alternative currency to the weak; and sometimes unavailable and unreliable African fiat money. Preiss notes that the intangible nature of cryptocurrency means that governments have no access to such cryptocurrency and cannot physically remove wealth from the citizens. He further notes that cryptocurrency not only provides a solution to the unbanked but is also a method of allowing economically and politically subjugated populations to control their wealth. Cryptocurrency intermediation in the form of cryptocurrency remittance services have been established in Africa as an alternative to Western Union, MoneyGram and many others. Examples include cryptocurrency remittance and transfer services provided by cryptocurrency-based intermediaries, which are third parties facilitating cryptocurrency related transactions, and in some cases provide storage of cryptocurrency to their users. In Africa, examples of such cryptocurrency-based intermediaries include, such as BTCGhana; BitPesa and Belfrics.

Magister Public Health - MPH / Background: Healthcare providers are critical to collecting information on drug safety and successful adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting. The roles of doctors and pharmacists have been recognized as important to voluntary ADR reporting and their roles are consistently being investigated. However, despite the strategic role of nurses in medicine administration, their role in ADR reporting has not been widely explored, particularly in sub-Saharan African countries. Aim: To assess the knowledge, attitudes and practice of ADR reporting amongst nurses in Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), a tertiary hospital located in Lagos; the economic centre of Nigeria, as well as the most populous city in the country. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive survey with analytical components was conducted among nurses in a tertiary institution. All nurses working in major specialties - out-patients’ clinics, theatre and clinical wards in the facility, were eligible to participate in the study. Student nurses undergoing training or postings in the facility were excluded from the study. A sample size of 124 nurses was calculated using OpenEpi sample size calculator based on an estimated study population of 400 with a 95% confidence interval and an assumed 5% of nurses reporting an ADR based on National Pharmacovigilance Centre database. A sample of 140 nurses was selected in an attempt to realize sample. Cluster sampling was used to randomly select clinics and wards and all nurses in the selected clusters were included in the study. A structured questionnaire consisting of close-ended questions was used. It comprised sections on nurses’ characteristics, knowledge of pharmacovigilance concepts, attitudes towards ADR reporting, and barriers to and practice of ADR reporting. Data collected were entered into an Excel spreadsheet and imported to the SPSS version 20 software for analysis. Descriptive analyses were conducted on all the variables and cross-tabulation between selected variables was explored to test for statistical significance using chi-squared test.

This study is a critique of Aso Ebi in Owambe social uniform and social performance phenomena of the Yoruba culture of Nigeria in West Africa. The Aso Ebi phenomenon is a social uniform that is inextricable from the Owambe spectacle of the Yoruba culture, which, in itself, is a social performance. Aso Ebi is a fabric that is selected, made into garments and worn by groups of people who are related to one another in various ways such as family, friends or comrades. The uniforms are worn for social gatherings, especially celebrations, which are popularly called Owambe. These celebrations are very elaborate and loud, much like a grand spectacle put on to show wealth, unity and flamboyance. The research is the explanation of how the Aso Ebi and Owambe social uniforms manifest themselves and this manifestation is presented through a body of artworks. The artworks seek to expose the unseen actualities involved in participating in these social performances and issues of social survival within these cultural phenomena. The analysis addresses the impacts and influence of conformity in cooperative behaviour by an individual within his/her social identity and relationships. The main question this study addresses is whether the positive factors of unity, social order and expressive visual flamboyance of the social phenomena outweigh the negative impacts particularly on the individuals who participate in these social performances. This is done by acknowledging the experiences of the participating individuals in the conformity and transmission modes of these phenomena in this culture. The visual productions of the concepts in the research are achieved through performance, collages, photography and a sculptural installation. The significance of these emergent visual productions is that they shift the focus from the impression of the group to the conformity by the individual. This highlights the problems faced by the participating individuals in the pursuit and participation of this cultural phenomenon. / Department of Art History, Visual Arts and Musicology / M. A. (Visual Arts)