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Masters in Public Administration - MPA / Nigeria has been experiencing challenges in the distribution of power to the whole country in the past decades. As a result, more than half of Nigeria's population is affected by the ineffectiveness of the distribution of electricity which lowers their standard of living. As the country's power sector experienced a steady growth after its independence in 1960, it was anticipated at the time that, at that rate of growth and development, most of Nigeria should have been electrified by now. However, challenges in the distribution of electricity have persisted and this has negatively affected the economy and living standard of the country. From the management perspective, this research looks at the situation of the distribution of electricity in Nigeria from the year 2005 to 2015. Specifically, it will analyses management challenges affecting the distribution of electricity in the country. It is well documented how Nigeria is currently facing an electricity crisis despite all the government efforts to provide adequate power to the citizens. In the distribution of electricity in Nigeria, the research will look at how the planning of the organization is been done so as to ensure effective power delivery to the country. The research will further look at how the management manages the organization and how it is being controlled for effective power distribution. In this research, I shall use qualitative and quantitative research techniques. Secondary qualitative and quantitative data will be used in carrying out this research. Published books, journals, newspaper articles, and government policies shall be critically examined in order to produce a well-informed report. Before the research is conducted, the appropriate consent from the University of the Western Cape will be sought to ensure that all protocols are strictly adhered to.

Marshy soil and sediment samples were collected during dry and rainy seasons within Warri, and Agbarho, 20km away as control. Levels of 16 USEPA priority Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons PAHs were determined using GC-FID. Source prediction analysis was also done. The study was in Niger Delta region, Nigeria from January to March and June to August 2012 in dry and wet seasons. Benzo(a)pyrene had highest total concentration of 3.302mg/kg and mean value of 1.651mg/kg in dry season soil samples. However, sediment samples had highest levels for total concentration of PAHs of 19.362mg/kg and mean of 4.840mg/kg for both dry and rainy seasons within Warri. PAHs concentration was higher in dry than rainy seasons for soil and sediment samples. Source prediction analysis revealed that PAHs in sediments for dry season were pyrolytic while rainy seasons were petrogenic sources. For soils, the dry season was mixed sources while the rainy season was petrogenic. / Environmental Science / M. Sc. (Environmental Science)

This project uses system engineering and system management principles to analyze the problem of transactions in Nigerian universities and tertiary institutions. System management principles shall be used to highlight the imperfections in the transaction method currently in use especially the disconnect between the bank and the institutions using their services. It will explore other payment systems available in the country. This project will provide a recommendation of how to implement a better payment option through automating the process of school payments by using a system with a cloud-based educational software at the school bursary office and through the online payment processing on the school website. The system software will enable cashiering and payment management: centralized data, automated reports, and inventory controls. It will generate automatic invoices and receipts. This system will bridge the disconnect between the bank and the school since students would not need to deposit cash directly into the school account but into their accounts and then pay with their debit cards. The system will provide debit card encryption and protection using the Secure Socket Layer technology.

Since the enactment of Nigeria’s Same Sex (Marriage) Prohibition Act of 2013, advocacy for the protection of sexual and gender minorities in Nigeria has grown rapidly. This advocacy often toes a line of legal formalism, under an international human rights law framework. This framework uses strategic litigation, petitions before international bodies, presentation of violations reports to the national human rights bodies, and public engagement on the equality of application of human rights norms for sexual and gender minorities. Despite these efforts, political rhetoric and public opinion continue to be antagonistic to advocacy efforts, based on the claim of political and religious leaders that same-sex relationships and non-heteronormative sexuality and gender identity are incompatible with the cultures and religions of the Nigerian population. This thesis argues that the evolution and enforcement of Nigerian laws criminalising same-sex relationships and non-heteronormative sexuality and gender identity (‘criminalising laws’) are part of a system of wider social control leveraged by the political elite to perpetuate its hegemonic power. Consequently, this thesis proposes that, to advance the legal protection of sexual and gender minorities in Nigeria, advocates must critically understand, and take measures to reduce, the underlying power dynamics in the criminalising laws. Using doctrinal and empirical research, this thesis proposes democratic strategies to challenge and reduce hegemonic power dynamics in Nigeria, and to strengthen existing advocacy for the protection of sexual and gender minorities in Nigeria. The research shows that the evolution of laws criminalising same-sex relationships in Nigeria is based on the use of political homophobia by the political elite as a tool of social exclusion. It further concludes that law enforcement authorities in Nigeria are guided by hegemonic considerations in the enforcement of the criminalising laws. The thesis identifies social control linkages between the criminalising laws and the existence of wider social exclusion in Nigeria. An increased awareness by advocates of these underlying hegemonic motivations can lead to a more nuanced, more contextual, and more intersectional advocacy for the rights of sexual and gender minorities in Nigeria. / Thesis (LLD)--University of Pretoria, 2020. / Centre for Human Rights / LLD / Unrestricted

The Nigerian Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (NEITI) is a subset of the global Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI), and for some reasons NEITI has been regarded by many actors and observers as the global EITI flagship programme or one of the foremost national chapters of EITI , along with Azerbaijan. When one considers the guiding principles and beliefs of EITI that wealth from a country?s natural resources should benefit it citizens, and this requires high standard of transparency and accountability. When one further consider that EITI growing status as a platform for progress, that is bringing greater transparency and accountability to all aspects of natural resources management including tax transparency, commodity trading and licensing, one would expect ground breaking disclosure which is required on beneficial ownership to ensure that the identity of proprietors of oil, gas and mining companies operating in EITI countries are made public. As such to a greater extent the measurement of the success of (NEITI) will be subjected to evaluation against the principles of EITI. / Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Public Law / LLM / Unrestricted

MA (English) / Department of English

Despite the fact that many Nigerian women have limited access to pharmacologic methods for pain management during labor,1,2 previous studies have indicated a demand for such options.3–5 Opioids are a frequently offered analgesic method,5,6 but there are associated risks to the fetus with this type of pain management.7 The use of epidurals, another common method of labor analgesia, has not become prevalent in Nigeria due to lack of awareness, lack of resources, expense, and women’s beliefs that it is not necessary and/or it is harmful.3 Nitrous oxide is an alternative labor analgesic that has reduced side effects compared to opioids and offers pain reduction without the loss of body movement and positioning as is seen with epidurals.7 Because Nigerian women have expressed an interest in increased options for labor analgesics, and nitrous oxide aligns with some of their cultural desires,8 offering nitrous oxide could increase maternal satisfaction.9–12 The literature review examines epidurals, opioids, and nitrous oxide for use as labor analgesics, including their mechanisms of action, benefits, and side effects. It also reviews Nigerian cultural beliefs, the advantages and disadvantages of using nitrous oxide in Nigeria, current practice in Nigeria regarding labor analgesia, Nigerian women’s and healthcare providers opinions on analgesia, additional maternal advantages of labor analgesia outside of pain relief, and birthing locations in Nigeria. The study will be an exploratory, descriptive cross-sectional study that will use a questionnaire to obtain data regarding pregnant women’s knowledge of, and attitudes toward, nitrous oxide as an analgesic during childbirth. It will be administered to 270 pregnant women who visit an antenatal clinic at the Primary Health Care facilities in Mushin Local Government Area located in the state of Lagos, Nigeria. Descriptive statistics of the participants will be reported, and the chi-squared test will be used to determine the associations between the demographics and awareness of various analgesic options, cultural acceptability of using nitrous oxide for labor pain management, and the desirability to use nitrous oxide as a labor analgesic. The use of nitrous oxide for labor analgesia could provide Nigerian women with an important option apart from only opioids or epidurals. It could decrease the use of opioids, thus decreasing their associated health risks during labor.3 Additionally, because vaginal deliveries are an important cultural desire of Nigerian women, nitrous oxide could provide a method for pain management during labor that does not lead to increased risk of cesarean section.13,14

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Communication Science at the University Of Zululand, South Africa, 2017 / This study examines the function and purpose of public television broadcasters across two countries (South Africa and Nigeria) in order to highlight best practices in public broadcasting for the benefit of the public (who ought to be the target audience). The original idea of public broadcasting was aimed at informing the public about the truth without commercial or political provocation and influence. This study examines whether society has come to accept inappropriate broadcasting practices because of prolonged exposure to these practices. When incorrect behaviour is practised continually over a prolonged period, it becomes accepted as normal in society and this is referred to as normalcy. In this regard, the study was further aimed at investigating and comparing the attitude of viewers towards commercial advertising interruptions during public television viewing time. Literature review within this study also focused on factors which influence viewer rating of public television in Nigeria and South African which ought to be informative and educational while providing suitable entertainment. This study employed a survey method and was conducted among the inhabitants of Durban in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa and Ibadan, South-West, Nigeria. The study was interesting in that viewers’ attitudes across the two countries differed significantly. Generally, South African TV viewers were more accommodating with regards to accepting commercial interruptions during viewing time. On the other hand, Nigerian TV viewers felt that commercial interruptions are disturbances and must not be included in the programmes of public television. The study confirmed that the motives of viewing public TV and behaviour of viewers during the commercial interruptions on the programmes of public TV stations have greatly influenced the attitudes of viewers towards commercial interruptions. Finally, the study offers recommendations guidelines in areas that need more attention based on findings of the study. The study also indicates the limitations of the investigation and provides suggestions for future research.

Highly pathogenic notifiable avian influenza (HPNAI) is a disease caused by influenza A virus. It is frequently fatal in poultry. Since late 2003, disease outbreaks caused by the Asian strains of HPAI H5N1 virus have ravaged the poultry industry with the death of over 200 million birds. The epidemic has spread from Asia to Europe and more recently to Africa. To date, more than 200 human fatalities have occurred. A clear understanding of the full epidemiology of the disease at the genetic and spatial/temporal level is critical for the management, control and eventual eradication of the virus. In this study, modern tools of molecular epidemiology (Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), molecular characterization and phylogenetic analyses), Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing, and other epidemiological tools were used to explore the outbreak of HPNAI in Nigeria. The molecular and spatial analyses both concluded that Nigeria was infected with multiple infections. The spread of primary outbreaks, which affected mainly sectors 2 and 3 of the poultry industry as described by Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations, were strongly linked to trades, live bird markets, inappropriate disposal of carcasses and poorly implemented control measures. This work did not find a strong correlation between wild birds and HPNAI H5N1 in Nigeria. Some of the analyzed viruses showed genetic drift, and the implications of these for future epidemiology and ecology of avian influenza in Africa will need further evaluation. The option of vaccination and its implications were adjudged good, and its shortcomings were highlighted. Community initiative at fighting emergency diseases like HPNAI H5N1 was similarly advocated. The financial losses to the Nigerian poultry industry were estimated at around $680 million. The risk of the spread of infection was assessed using ecological niche modeling and the whole of West Africa is at risk of infection, should no concrete action be taken to halt the spread. In conclusion, useful suggestions were proffered to affected countries like Nigeria, and unaffected countries that are at risk of infection, so that Africa can be safe from the scourge of HPNAI H5N1. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Production Animal Studies / unrestricted