No description available.

No description available.

Typologies of intimate violence are part of an emerging paradigm towards a multifaceted, multi-theoretical approach to understanding the causes and effects of intimate violence. For this new paradigm to be implemented into research and practice, there are several gaps in the knowledge base that must be addressed. In particular, there is a need: (a) to develop a more comprehensive typology of intimate violence that integrates characteristics of perpetrators with interactional characteristics of violence; (b) to evaluate the differential effects of this comprehensive typology for women and men; and (c) to develop of a clinical assessment approach that incorporates the most current knowledge on typologies of violence with the most current knowledge on assessment practices. Two studies were conducted to address these gaps. The first study is an empirical analysis testing Johnson's (1995; 2002) coercive control construct as an indicator of type and effects of intimate violence for women and men using secondary data analysis methods. The second manuscript is the development of a tiered intimate violence assessment approach that incorporates current knowledge on conjoint assessment with current knowledge on typologies of intimate violence. A conceptual clinical assessment approach is proposed that can be tested for its usefulness in assisting clinicians with assessing for intimate violence during conjoint sessions, and for determining whether conjoint treatment is indicated. / Graduation date: 2005

Building upon Deci and Ryan's (1985, 1991) self-determination theory as well as previous empirical work on motivation, the present study was designed to develop a multifaceted 31-item Exercise Motivation Scale (EMS). A series of pilot studies were first conducted in order to generate the 31 scale items. The EMS was then administered to male and female college students (N=592) who participated in various exercise activity classes offered through university physical activity programs. Using structural equation modeling methodology, evidence for a robust factor structure, subscale reliabilities, and convergent and discriminant validity was sought for the proposed eight facets of the exercise motivation construct. These facets included amotivation, external regulation, introjected regulation, identified regulation, integrated regulation, intrinsic motivation to learn, intrinsic motivation to accomplish things, and intrinsic motivation to experience sensation. Results provided adequate evidence for the a priori hypothesized EMS factor structure, and acceptable subscale reliability estimates. Further analyses on the EMS structural relationships revealed a simplex pattern of the self-determination continuum underlying the various motivational orientations assessed by the EMS. Finally, selected antecedents and consequences of exercise motivation showed that the EMS facets had nomological validity and depicted differential relationships with the various antecedents and consequences examined. These results provided initial empirical support for the applicability of self-determination theory in the context of exercise, and suggested a multifaceted approach to the conceptualization of exercise motivation. / Graduation date: 1996

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship and effect of a Death Awareness Training program on personal values and value systems. The experimental group experienced Death Awareness Training and the control group participated in an exercise assumed to be unrelated to the experimental group experiences. The Rokeach Value Survey (RVS) for terminal and instrumental values was used to obtain measures of value system change.Prior to the group experiences, the sample of 28 subjects was randomly divided into two groups of fourteen subjects each. The subjects were master's level counseling students. The experimental group (six males and eight females) participated in two hours and five minutes of Death Awareness Training. The control group (seven males and seven females) spent an equivalent amount of time viewing and discussing a videotape on family therapy.The Rokeach Value Survey for terminal and instrumental values was administered to both groups before and after the group experience. The subjects responded to the RVS by rank-ordering both lists of values from one to eighteen, most to least important. The RVS was scored to obtain value change scores for each subject, for both lists of values. Direction of change was not a factor. The value change scores were then subjected to two way analysis of variance. The selected level of significance was .05.The first major null hypothesis--there is no statistically significant difference in value change scores between the experimental group and the control group--was statistically rejected (F = 6.29; df = 1,52; p <.05). Therefore, it was asserted that Death Awareness Training had a statistically significant effect in the reprioritization of personal value systems.The second major null hypothesis--there is no statistically significant difference in value change scores between terminal values and instrumental values--was also statistically rejected (F = 8.29; df = 1,52; p <.05). This indicated that Death Awareness Training caused a statistically significantly greater reprioritization of instrumental values than terminal values.The third major null hypothesis--there is no statistically significant difference in value change scores in the interaction among groups and values--was not statistically rejected (F = 1.56; df = 1,52; P >.05), and therefore not investigated. Since this hypothesis was not rejected, four sub-hypotheses were not investigated and therefore not rejected.The following conclusions were drawn from the study:1. Relatively short periods of Death Awareness Training achieved significant changes in personal value systems.2. Changes in personal value systems resulting from Death Awareness Training may also result in changes in observable behavior.3. Conceptions and meanings of death prior to Death Awareness Training were bases on inaccurate information.4. Personal value systems existing before Death Awareness Training were based on misconceptions, misperceptions, fear, guilt and distorted individual and collective thoughts about death.5. Death Awareness Training created inconsistencies and imbalances in existing value systems causing changes in the value systems designed to remove or reduce the inconsistencies and imbalances.6. Death Awareness Training altered desired modes of conduct more than desired end-states of existence. The perceived end product of life remained basically the same but the quality, in terms of the process of life, was significantly changed as a result of Death Awareness Training.The results of the study indicate that Death Awareness Training can be a useful procedure for counselors, therapists and mental health practitioners of all kinds to assist clients manifesting death and death-related concerns, to explore personal meanings and perceptions of the clients' conceptions of death, to alleviate personal fears concerning their death and the death of significant others, and alter dysfunctional behavior patterns emulating from or in a death context.Since Death Awareness Training resulted in changes in personal value systems, counselor educators may want to consider providing similar training programs to counselors in training. This is necessary so that the value system a counselor will use in the counseling relationship to effect a multitude of decisions and outcomes with a client will not be a value system based on misconceptions, misperceptions, and fear. This is particularly true with, though not limited to, clients manifesting death and death-related concerns.

There is no abstract available for this dissertation.

published_or_final_version / Psychology / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Educational Psychology / Master / Master of Social Sciences

published_or_final_version / Psychology / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

HKU 3 Minute Thesis Award, 2rd Runner-up (2011) / published_or_final_version / Psychology / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy