<p>REACH är EU:s nya kemikalielag vilken ska försöka att få till en säkrare kemikaliehantering. Målet med denna rapport har varit att se vilka effekter som REACH kan ge för europeisk industri och miljön, och framför allt att undersöka vilka möjliga fördelar som REACH skulle kunna ge inom dessa områden.</p><p>De slutsatser som dragits är att:</p><p>- Den viktigaste fördelen med REACH är att en tillförlitlig källa byggs upp med utökad information kring kemikalier som idag används på den europeiska marknaden.</p><p>- Ett enhetligt klassificerings- och märkningsregister införs inom EU vilket kommer att underlätta riskbedömningar av kemikalier.</p><p>- REACH bidrar till en större medvetenhet inom industrin kring farligheten hos vissa kemikalier, vilket förmodligen kommer att leda till att man blir försiktigare med sin kemikalieanvändning.</p><p>- Kravet om godkännande för användning av särskilt farliga kemikalier kommer säkerligen att vara pådrivande för att industrin ska välja kemikalier med mindre farliga egenskaper.</p> / <p>REACH is a new EU legislation which purpose is to promote safe handling of chemicals. The intention with this report was to investigate the possible effects that REACH might have for European industry and the environment, and especially to look for benefits within these areas.</p><p>The conclusions are as follows:</p><p>- The most important advantage with REACH is that a reliable source is made available for the chemicals industry, with extended information on chemicals that are currently used in a wide range throughout the European market.</p><p>- Companies connected to the chemicals industry see a huge advantage in the fact that REACH will contribute to a standardized classification and labelling inventory that will apply in the European Union.</p><p>- There will be a greater awareness within industry on how dangerous some chemicals actually are that nowadays are commonly used. This will probably lead to that the industry becomes more cautious with its chemical use.</p><p>- The demand for approval of use of certain chemicals, with properties of very high concern, will probably act as a driving force to encourage industry to choose chemicals with less harmful effects.</p>

On the last day of May 2008, new chemicals legislation, REACH came into force in Norway following its implementation within the EU in 2007. The regulation streamlines and improves an earlier legislative framework for chemicals of the European Union. To be able to comply with the new regulation, enterprises will have to put in place considerable measures and undertake possibly restructuring part of or the entire enterprise. Such measures could include the need for training, external consultancy and need for new practical software. Other measures include strategic changes in the enterprises such as the centralization of operations, change of short/long term plans, venturing into areas, change in procurement procedures etc. These may vary from enterprise to enterprise depending on their position on the supply chain as defined by the new legislation. Importers and producers of chemicals have more duties under REACH than downstream users and distributors. This study investigates how small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) within the chemical industry in Norway have been affected by the implementation of the legislation; the main focus of the study is on the economic and strategic effects of REACH on SMEs. Most SMEs in Norwegian chemical industry fall under REACH’s definitions of downstream users and distributors meaning they have fewer duties compared to producer and importers. Despite fewer duties, the effect of REACH on SMEs is quite comprehensive and far-reaching. / Address: Austadvn 99 3034 Drammen Tel: +47-90949602

The main goal of this dissertation was to investigate if rehabilitative training after ischemic damage can increase cell proliferation and encourage the differentiation and maintenance of newly formed neurons. For all studies, I utilized a rehabilitative training task which has repeatedly been found to enhance behavioral performance after ischemic lesions of the sensorimotor cortex. Training was focused on the impaired forelimb in order to (1) target forelimb deficits induced by the lesions and (2) engage remaining cortex in potential plastic events. The level of cell proliferation was investigated by measuring and phenotyping cells labeled with a mitotic marker (bromodeoxyuridine) in the peri-lesion area and various other regions. First, in an animal model of cortical ischemia, the level of cell proliferatoin measured in rehabilitated animals after ischemic damage was significantly decreased in peri-lesion cortex compared to non-rehabilitated animals. In order to investigate which component of cell generation, proliferation or maintenance, was affected by rehabilitative training, pulse labeling of new cells followed by short or long term training periods was accomplished. This study revealed thatrehabilitative training had increased cell proliferation that occurred early after ischemic damage and the maintenance of these early generated cells were significantly increased in the peri-lesion cortex of rehabilitated animals compared to controls. Lastly, in order to verify the results of the first study (experience induced reduction of new cells in periinfarct tissue) pulse labeling of new cells during a mid-time point of rehabilitation period after ishemic lesions was employed and resulted in the same significantly reduced level of new cells in peri-infarct tissue of rehabilitated animals compared to controls. In all studies, the proportion of the neuronal and astrocyte phenotype of newly generated cells was not significantly affected by rehabilitative training after ischemic damage. However, a significant increased accumulation of new microglia was seen in rehabilitated animals, but reactive microglia produced early after ischemic damage were not significantly maintained which indicates a possible dual role that microglia during post-operative rehabilitative training. Together these studies indicate that functionally beneficial behavioral experience can affect cell proliferative responses, and mainitenance of newly generated non-neuronal cells early after ischemic damage. / text

REACH är EU:s nya kemikalielag vilken ska försöka att få till en säkrare kemikaliehantering. Målet med denna rapport har varit att se vilka effekter som REACH kan ge för europeisk industri och miljön, och framför allt att undersöka vilka möjliga fördelar som REACH skulle kunna ge inom dessa områden. De slutsatser som dragits är att: - Den viktigaste fördelen med REACH är att en tillförlitlig källa byggs upp med utökad information kring kemikalier som idag används på den europeiska marknaden. - Ett enhetligt klassificerings- och märkningsregister införs inom EU vilket kommer att underlätta riskbedömningar av kemikalier. - REACH bidrar till en större medvetenhet inom industrin kring farligheten hos vissa kemikalier, vilket förmodligen kommer att leda till att man blir försiktigare med sin kemikalieanvändning. - Kravet om godkännande för användning av särskilt farliga kemikalier kommer säkerligen att vara pådrivande för att industrin ska välja kemikalier med mindre farliga egenskaper. / REACH is a new EU legislation which purpose is to promote safe handling of chemicals. The intention with this report was to investigate the possible effects that REACH might have for European industry and the environment, and especially to look for benefits within these areas. The conclusions are as follows: - The most important advantage with REACH is that a reliable source is made available for the chemicals industry, with extended information on chemicals that are currently used in a wide range throughout the European market. - Companies connected to the chemicals industry see a huge advantage in the fact that REACH will contribute to a standardized classification and labelling inventory that will apply in the European Union. - There will be a greater awareness within industry on how dangerous some chemicals actually are that nowadays are commonly used. This will probably lead to that the industry becomes more cautious with its chemical use. - The demand for approval of use of certain chemicals, with properties of very high concern, will probably act as a driving force to encourage industry to choose chemicals with less harmful effects.

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Diploma thesis "Legislation on chemicals with a special focus on the REACH regulation" is focused on the independent part of the environmental law which is the regulation on chemicals. Regulation of chemicals is analyzed from the point of view of international, EU and Czech law. Special attention is paid to the REACH regulation. Eventually, comparison between the Czech and Finnish legal regulation is provided.

When subjects are presented with distorted visual feedback of their hand during a goal-directed movement (i.e. subjects view a cursor representing their hand that is rotated from their hand’s actual position while reaching in a virtual reality environment), they typically adapt their movements so that the cursor is brought to the target, thus reducing reaching errors. In addition to motor adaptation, it has recently been shown that reaching with distorted visual feedback of the hand results in sensory changes, such that proprioceptive estimates of hand position are shifted in the direction of the visual feedback (Cressman and Henriques 2009). The current study looked to establish how quickly these sensory changes arise while training to reach with distorted visual feedback of the hand. Additionally, by comparing sensory to motor changes across time, we looked to determine the relationship between their underlying processes. Subjects trained to reach to a single visual target while seeing a cursor that was aligned with their actual hand position (50 trials: aligned reach training), or rotated 30° clockwise (CW) relative to their actual hand position (150 trials: rotated reach training). Reach errors and proprioceptive estimates of felt hand position were assessed following the aligned reach training trials and at 7 different times during the rotated reach training trials by having subjects reach to the target without visual feedback, and provide estimates of the position of their hand relative to a visual reference marker respectively. Results revealed a slow change in proprioceptive estimates over the course of reach training with the rotated cursor relative to estimates after the aligned reach training, and in fact, significant sensory changes were not observed until after 70 trials. In contrast, reach adaptation showed a much steeper increase and significant adaptation after a limited number of reach training trials with a rotated cursor. These different time courses suggest that proprioceptive recalibration and reach adaptation arise due to separate neural processes.

This diploma thesis deals with the problem of ecological design and optimization of electrical products. The theoretical part describes the ecodesign legislation and assessment tools. The practical part is deals with created software for evaluation and comparison of electrical products. I analyzed three flash drives, which are commonly used. In these flash drives analyze packages and these packages were evaluated and compared with software. The last section describes the problems of availability of the necessary information.

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京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間健康科学) / 甲第18912号 / 人健博第26号 / 新制||人健||2(附属図書館) / 31863 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科人間健康科学系専攻 / (主査)教授 市橋 則明, 教授 松田 秀一, 教授 木下 彩栄 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human Health Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM