Due to the rapid development of computing technology and faster growth of financial industry, Foreign Exchange high-frequency trading has become substantially more prominent to today's market players, especially to bankers and market makers. This research aims at introducing today's FX high-frequency trading structure and discussing how a market maker can effectively reduce downside risk when market faces a huge upward or downward stress. An Exponential Moving Average operator is introduced and implemented using a Matlab software for tick-by-tick data analysis. Simulation framework for market high-frequency data and client trading flow is also introduced and implemented using the Matlab software. Real-time P&L calculation is introduced and used to determine the performance of a proposed risk hedging strategy. On the other hand, due to the financial crisis we experienced in 2007, 2008, and 2009, we analyze the tail risk of foreign exchange market. Extreme Value Theory (EVT) has been applied to real EUR/USD data, which contains eight-year daily closing exchange rate. An extension of from EVT to Value-at-Risk (VaR) calculation is introduced. We also consider the volatility clustering issue in asset returns and demonstrate how GARCH model can be applied for VaR calculation. Lastly, we propose a method of using VaR as a high-frequency risk measure for risk hedging strategies during intra-day trading.

The Risk Management approach in project management has been a subject of discussion for quite a number of years now, either through reports and studies by professional institutions, or between general practitioners or project managers in the industry. Yet, this procedure is still not provided as much as the amount predicted by the many studies and research done to identify the benefits and necessity of implementing this process, early in the project life cycle, especially within the construction industry. / Many previous research findings done by many learned researchers have identified the reasons for the lack of use or under use of Risk Management in the conceptual stage. This may be due to complexity of technique; the process of Risk Management is too long and time consuming; lack of information or resources needed for the process; or just general lack of understanding of Risk Management technique by the project managers or practitioners in delivering this service. / It is discussed that the conceptual phase may be the most important stage to conduct Risk Management, since decisions taken in this phase tend to have a significant impact on the final cost. It is also the phase at which the greatest degree of uncertainty about the future is encountered. In response to this type of situation, Risk Management can play an important role in controlling the level of risks and mitigating their effects. / Both a structured questionnaire and interview will be used as the research tools of this thesis, to collect data from the selected professional project managers, based in Australia, that specialise in the construction projects which are deemed as the initiators of the Risk Management process. / The frequency of Risk Management utilisation in the conceptual stage will increase when it is incorporated into company policy or procedures. Yet compared to any existing common tools or techniques that are available, very often project managers implement Risk Management by applying from past experiences which are not transferable to the younger 'practitioners', nor was it able to be documented for future reference. Therefore, during the early phases of the project lifecycle, all stakeholders should participate and be included in a Risk Management workshop where benefits of this service can be encouraged, and 'educated'. / Thesis (MProjectManagement)--University of South Australia, 2004.

Paper 1: This review was carried out to determine the current trends and practices and to gather information on healthcare risk management. This secondary study also aimed to identify gaps in knowledge related to healthcare risk management globally and in Malaysia. Data was obtained through international reports, journal articles, books, seminar papers, internet articles and periodical materials such as newspaper articles and magazines. / The review focused on the operational definitions of healthcare risk management, its importance to healthcare, the processes, and the elements of risk management involved. The review also highlighted risk within various medical disciplines, the link between risk and quality management and healthcare risk management in Malaysia. Based on the reviews, reflections were made specifically pertaining to patients' and healthcare providers' perspectives, the legal implications and future challenges of healthcare risk management. / Paper 2: this study aimed to evaluate the extent of implementation of risk management practices in selected private hospitals which are registered with the Association of Private Hospitals Malaysia. A total of 34 private hospitals were involved in this study which used survey interview methods based on a risk audit questionnaire. Assessment was measured through the processes of risk management identification, risk analysis and treatment, and risk monitoring within an organizational context based on Standards Australia (2001) guidelines. / Paper 3: This case study attempted to understand patients' perception of risk and safety in a private hospital in Malaysia. The study specifically involved 159 patients from three clinical departments of obstetrics and gynaecology, surgical, and accident and emergency departments who sought treatment as outpatients or had stayed as inpatients. Comparison of perceived risk and safety were made among selected patients' profile, namely, gender, race, working status, age-group, number of visits and clinical departments. This survey study used a 26-item questionnaire and interview methods. The data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. / Thesis (DoctorateofBusinessAdministration))--University of South Australia, 2004.

Thesis (PhD)--University of South Australia, 1999

Proefschrift Universiteit van Amsterdam. / Auteursnaam op omslag: Chris Klok. Met lit. opg. - Met samenvatting in het Nederlands.

Proefschrift Universiteit van Amsterdam. / Met lit. opg. - Met samenvatting in het Nederlands.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Melbourne, Dept. of Finance, Faculty of Economics and Commerce, 2002. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references.

"Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration from the Naval Postgraduate School, June 2008." / Advisor(s): San Miguel, Joseph ; Summers, Don. "June 2008." "MBA professional report"--Cover. Description based on title screen as viewed on August 8, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 41). Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Columbia University, 2007. / Advisers: Awi Federgruen, Alp Muharremoglu. Includes bibliographical references.

Dissertation (Ph.D. in Software Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2008. / Dissertation Supervisor(s): Shing, Man-Tak ; Mun, Jonathan. "December 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 29, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 175-181). Also available in print.