Detailed geological knowledge is often a major unknown factor in open pit mining and design, and therefore poses a significant risk in the mining venture. As the knowledge of the geology improves so the risk of unforeseen conditions reduces and therefore safety and productivity can be increased. Historically, geotechnical methods and information have predominantly been used exclusively for pit slope optimisation. This research documents the procedures and developments undertaken to compile a comprehensive geotechnical database, and the application of the geotechnical data to open pit mining, beneficiation and planning. The utilisation of the geotechnical information has been enhanced through the novel development and application of a computerised, 3D geotechnical model. Sandsloot open pit was developed to extract the Platreef pyroxenite orebody, which is hosted within the Northern Limb of the Bushveld Complex. Sandsloot is currently the world's largest open pit exploiting Platinum Group Metals. Interaction of the basic magma with the footwall sediments of the Transvaal Supergroup and varying degrees of assimilation has resulted in a unique suite of hybrid rock types. These various rock types provide significant engineering geological challenges. Geology and the detailed understanding of its properties are fundamental to the optimal design and successful operation of any mine. Extensive fieldwork was conducted to collect geotechnical information, both from exploration boreholes and in-pit mining faces. Over a 5-year period, geotechnical data were collected from 29,213 m of exploration core and 6,873 m of exposed mining faces. Extensive field and laboratory testing was undertaken in order to define the complete set of geotechnical properties for each rock type in the Sandsloot mining area. The geotechnical information relating to each borehole and facemap was stored in the Datamine® software package. The information was collected in the form of rock mass rating (RMR), uniaxial compressive strength (DCS), fracture frequency (FF/m) and rock quality designation (RQD). The architecture of the database was developed along the principals used for generating an ore reserve model. One of the novel applications was the development of a computerized 3D, geotechnical model in Datamine®. The geotechnical parameters, namely RMR, DCS, FF/m and RQD, were modelled for each rock type, using geostatistics, to generate a 3D model. The data were interpolated between exploration boreholes and exposed mining faces and the modelling was constrained using wireframes separated by rock type. The result is a 3D model containing 15 m3 model blocks populated with interpolated geotechnical information. The dimensions of the model blocks are linked to the mining bench height of 15 m. The model can be queried to give predictions on rock mass conditions for any planned mining area, as is the case with the ore reserve model, which provides predictions on platinum grades. The crux of the innovative research is the practical application of the 3D geotechnical model. This was achieved through the development of both a fragmentation and a slope design model, which read the interpolated geotechnical information. These models provided an engineering tool to optimise mining and milling perfonnance. Rather than viewing the drill and blast department as an isolated cost centre and focussing on minimising drill and blast costs, the application of the model concentrated on the fragmentation requirements of the milling and mining business areas. Two hundred and thirty-eight blasts were assessed to detennine the optimum fragmentation requirements for ore and waste. Based on the study a mean fragmentation target of 150 mm was set for delivery to the crushing circuit and a mean fragmentation of 230 mm was set for waste loading from the pit. The mine operates autogenous mills, which are sensitive to the fragmentation profile delivered. The harder zones occurring in the ore zone have a major impact on the plant's perfonnance. The geotechnical parameters in the model were related to Lilly's Blastability Index, and in turn to required explosive volumes and the associated drill and blast costs. Having defmed the fragmentation targets, the Kuz-Ram equation was used in the fragmentation model to predict the explosive volumes required to ensure consistent mining and milling perfonnance. The geotechnical model is used to predict changes in geotechnical conditions and therefore the blasting parameters can be adjusted in advance to ensure the milling and mining fragmentation requirements are met. Through the application of the fragmentation model over an eighteen-month period the loading and milling efficiencies improved by 8.5% and 8.8% respectively, resulting in additional revenue ofR29 million for PPL. Based on the mining rock mass rating (MRMR) values within the geotechnical model a stable slope design model was created in order to calculate optimum inter-ramp angles. From a slope design perspective the model was used to target data-deficient zones and highlight potentially weak rock mass areas. As this can be viewed in 3D, the open pit slopes were designed to accommodate the poor quality areas before they are excavated. It also follows that competent geotechnical zones can be readily identified and the slope optimised accordingly. Due to the detailed geotechnical infonnation being available in three dimensions, the open pit slopes were designed based on a risk versus reward profile. As a significant geotechnical database was available, more accurate and reliable designs were generated resulting in the overall slope angle increasing by 3 degrees. This optimisation process will result in a revenue gain of R900 million over the life of the mine. The revenue and safety benefits associated with this design methodology are substantial and have potential application to all open pit mining operations. The research has enabled detailed geotechnical infonnation to be available in three dimensions. This information can be readily accessed and interpreted, thus providing a powerful planning and financial tool from which production optimisations, feasibility studies and planning initiatives can be implemented. The development and application of a 3D geotechnical model has added a new dimension to the constant strive for business improvement and reflects a novel and successful approach towards the application of engineering geology at the Sandsloot mining operation. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2003.

Darbe tiriamos galimybės vertinti laivo supimosi intensyvumą taikant klasikinės ir hidrodinaminės laivo supimosi skaičiavimo metodikas. Prognozavimo galimybių įvertinimui atliekamas laivo DTMB 5415 supimosi eksperimentas reguliariose bangose – matuojamas laivo bortinis, kilinis ir vertikalusis supimasis laivui stovint lagu bangoms ir esant išilginiam bangavimui. Pateikiama informacija apie supimosi eksperimento eigą, paruošimą, naudojamą laboratorinę įrangą ir bandymo rezultatų apdorojimą. Laivo supimosi skaičiavimai atliekami taikant hidrodinaminę skaičiojamosios skysčių dinamikos kompiuterinę programą „FLOW-3D“, klasikinę supimosi skaičiavimų metodiką ir kompiuterine programa „Seakeeper“ paremta hidrodinamine plokščiųjų skerspjūvių teorija. Gauti rezultatai palyginami su eksperimento rezultatais. / Paper analysis the most popular classical and hyrodinamical seakeeping methods for preliminary seakeeping performance prediction. Seakeeping test in regular waves has been performed for validation of seakeeping prediction methods for model DTMB 5415. Roll, pitch and heave motions have been measured for beam and head seas wave headings. The paper supplys Information about seakeeping test procees, preparation instructions for test, required laboratory equipment and seakeeping test data analysis. Computational fluid dynamics software „FLOW - 3D“ have been used for motion response prediction in regular waves, classical seakeeping theory method and strip theory based software Seakeeper. Computed results have been compared with seakeeping eksperimental data.

In this work we report on two sets of measurements involving the Hall-B photon tagging system of the Tomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. The relative energy calibration of the tagging counters was performed by using the PrimEx pair spectrometer and a series of high position resolution micro-strip detectors. The photon energies were determined by forming coincidence between the tagger and the e+ e- pairs for several values of the pair spectrometer magnetic field between 0.36T to 1.9T (total of 180 fields). The second set of measurements, collected in conjunction with the Fall 2004 PrimEx run, investigated inherent limitations on the photon tagging technique. We report for the first time an experimental signature for these effects.

The Star Fire Coal Mine is a large strip mining operation (10,000 acre permit) that produces mine spoil consisting of sandstones, shales, siltstones, and underclays of the Pennsylvanian Breathitt Formation. Chemical analysis of groundwater from the saturated mine spoil show unusually high magnesium concentrations, with magnesium constituting between 27 and 47 percent of the major cations. Excess magnesium in water is detrimental to plant metabolism, and its content in groundwater may limit its use for irrigation and other uses during a post-mining land use plan. Petrological methods (thin section point count analysis and x-ray diffraction) and geochemical methods (electron microprobe analysis and water extraction experiments) were performed to determine the source of magnesium in sandstone and shale samples of the Breathitt Formation. Based on mineral percents and concentrations of magnesium found in samples used for waterrock interaction samples, magnesium-rich siderite was found as the primary contributor of magnesium to the groundwater. / Department of Geology

“‘Am I Sexy Yet?’: Contextualizing the Movement of Exotic Dance and Its Effects on Female Dancers’ Self-image and Sexual Expression” looks at exotic dancing in three contexts––a pole fitness studio, a strip club, and a college dance concert––and how the movement is experienced by the dancers in each space. It questions how the movement changes meaning for the dancers, audience, and mainstream culture based on the context and location, even with similar content. Specifically, it analyzes how the experiences of the dancers affect their self confidence, sexuality, and sexual expression. Then, it applies Audre Lorde's “Uses of the Erotic” to their experiences to show how this movement can be looked at through a different lens as deeper, more freeing, and more transgressive than it is usually thought to be.

In this study, vibrational properties and stability of delta-Scuti like pulsating pre-main sequence stars have been investigated. Studies were held in the mass range 2-4 Mo and limited to radial linear adiabatic pulsations. Numerical computations were performed by the oscillation program written by Kirbiyik &amp / Al-Murad (1993). The models were selected to be at the latest phases of the pre-main sequence evolution where the luminosity starts to increase. We have limited our calculations upto the end of the radiative inner regions, since at the surface of the star, our adiabatic perturbation computation does not perfectly fit to the relatively thin non-adiabatic convective envelope of the star. The results of the stability analysis showed that the PMS models undergo an instability whose time period is a function of mass. Instability Strip of pulsating PMS stars was re-drawn with comparison to M. Marconi &amp / F.Palla (1998). The effect of gravitational contraction on stability was also investigated.

This thesis investigates the presence of multiple (quasi-TEM) modes in inverted embedded microstrip lines. It has already been shown that parasitic modes do exist in inverted embedded microstrips due to field leakage inside the dielectric substrate, especially for high dielectric constants (like Silicon). This thesis expands upon that work and characterizes those modes for a variety of geometrical dimensions. Chapter 1 focuses on the theory behind the different transmission line modes, which may be present in inverted embedded microstrips. Based on the structure of the inverted embedded microstrip, the conventional microstrip mode, the quasi-conventional microstrip mode, and the stripline mode are expected. Chapter 2 discusses in detail the techniques used to decompose the total probed field into the various modes present in the inverted embedded microstrip lines. Firstly, a short explanation of the finite-difference time-domain method, that is used for the simulation and modeling of inverted microstrips up to 50 GHz is provided. Next, a flowchart of the process involved in decomposing the modes is laid out. Lastly, the challenges of this approach are also highlighted to give an appreciation of the difficulty in obtaining accurate results. Chapter 3 shows the results (dispersion diagrams, values/percentage of the individual mode energies ) obtained after running time-domain simulations for a variety of geometrical dimensions. Chapter 4 concludes the thesis by explaining the results in terms of the transmission line theory presented in Chapter 1. Next, possible future work is mentioned.

Layered multiconductor coupled slot and strip-slot structures are characterized by introducing the full-wave modal analysis as well as the quasi-TEM spectral domain technique. In the modal analysis, the electric and magnetic fields are constructed in terms of modal fields in different regions. Application of the boundary conditions at interfaces for the tangential components of the electric and magnetic fields results in the dyadic Green's function, which interrelates the tangential currents and electric fields at the boundaries of the layered structure. The slot fields and strip currents are expanded in terms of a set of known basis functions with unknown coefficients. Use of the Galerkin method leads to a set of algebraic equations. The non-trivial solutions for the propagation constants are found by setting the determinant of the algebraic equations equal to zero. All the other normal mode parameters including the modal impedances, the field and current eigenvectors are then computed by using the solutions of the propagation constants. In the quasi-TEM analysis, the Laplace equation is transformed to an ordinary differential equation in the spectral domain, the solution of which together with the boundary conditions yields the Green's function which interrelates the potential and the charge distribution at the interfaces of the layered structure. The charge distribution is expanded in terms of known functions with unknown coefficients which are subsequently evaluated by applying the Galerkin method. Once the charge distribution is found, the quasi-TEM characteristics of the coupled strip-slot structures are readily calculated. Different impedance definitions proposed in the literature for multiple coupled line structures are discussed. The only useful impedance definition in the design of microwave and millimeter-wave circuits is the one that results in a symmetric impedance matrix for a coupled line structure in a lossless, isotropic, and linear medium. The normal mode impedance definition as based on the reciprocity is used to systematically study the impedance characteristics of various coupled slot structures for the first time, which together with the propagation characteristics are used to compute equivalent circuit models for ideal coupled line structures. The applications of the coupled slot and strip-slot structures are illustrated through design examples of enhanced couplers and power dividers consisting of coupled line multiports. Time domain simulation of coupled multiconductor structures with slotted ground planes is also presented to exemplify the applications of the techniques developed in this thesis to layered interconnects and packaging structures in high-speed circuits. Some novel techniques to reduce the crosstalk noise in those structures are proposed with theoretical examples and experimental results. / Graduation date: 1994

The effect of initial microstructures of an 0.05 wt.% C low carbon steel, acicular ferrite (AF), Bainite (B), polygonal ferrite (PF), fine polygonal ferrite (FPF), and a microstructure produced by direct strip casting (DSC) (termed SC), on the deformation and recrystallization behaviour of cold rolled low carbon (LC) steel, was investigated. The initially prepared samples with the initial microstructures were cold rolled to 50, 70 and 90% reductions, then annealed isothermally in the temperature range 580 ??? 680 oC. The microstructures and textures produced by deformation and annealing were studied by optical microscopy, XRD, TEM, SEM and EBSD. The initial microstructures were characterized mainly by optical microscopy and EBSD. Using EBSD, the ferrite grain size of the AF, B and SC samples was considerably larger than that found by optical microscopy with a large fraction of low angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) observed within prior austenite grains. All samples exhibited a very weak texture close to random. After cold rolling, the microstructures of AF and SC contained shear bands with PF and FPF generating deformation bands. For AF and SC, the pearlite phase was more extensively elongated in rolling direction compared with PF and FPF. After 90% cold rolling reduction, PF, FPF and SC consist mainly of the texture component and AF and B . It was found that FPF recrystallized most rapidly followed by B, PF and AF with SC recrystallizing orders of magnitude more slowly due to the solution drag caused by its uniformly distributed higher Mn content. Very strong (???-fibre) texture was generated in cold rolled PF followed by FPF, with AF, SC and B generating very weak textures. The texture evolution during annealing 90% reduction PF was examined in further detail. The behaviour of nucleation and grain growth provides strong evidence of orientated nucleation as the dominant factor for CRA texture development in this material.

Errata inserted inside back end-paper. / Bibliography: p. 243-249. / xvi, 249 p. : ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / This thesis presents a brief overview of microstrip antenna analysis and describes the connections between spectral and spatial domain periodic Green's functions in integral equation methods. A hybrid formulation is applied to a variety of problems from simple metal strip dipoles to more complicated microstrip geometries. A further development to finite array analysis is described. An improvement in the accuracy of this approximative technique is explored. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 1997