Ethiopia is a nation endowed with huge amount of water, wind, solar and geothermal energy potentials.However, regardless of its enormous potentials the energy system is highly dependent on traditional fossilfuels and biomass and only about 32% of the nation‟s population has access to electricity. Given this fact,the country has engaged itself in unprecedented multimillion dollar energy projects in recent years.However, some of the projects and the construction of huge dams have raised controversy oversustainability issues. In this thesis work, the potentials and opportunities of the Ethiopian energy systemsand the sustainability of the ongoing and planned energy projects are discussed. Their social,environmental and economic implications are also addressed based on an in depth literature review. Asurvey was also conducted through questionnaire to research people‟s opinion on the current projects andtheir implications and results were interpreted using Web HIPRE software. It is concluded that thesurveyed group, selected and contacted randomly, believe that the economy is the most important aspectfor the country to consider giving it a weight of 43% over the social (29%) and environmental (28%)aspects. The Web HIPRE analysis also showed that respondents support the current hydropower projectson the Gibe River. Different important stakeholder such as farmers, fishermen and other inhabitants of thearea who are directly affected (positively or negatively) by the projects and also people from EEPCo andother concerned bodies such as policy makers are not included in this survey due to communicationproblems to gather data. The inclusion of data from such key stakeholder could have potentially changedthe outcome of the survey. It is also concluded that while there are lots of rooms for improvements on theprojects (prior and post construction), some of the criticisms encircling the project seem to lack allrounded understanding of the social and economic needs of the country as well as the long term ecosystemimplications of the projects. It is also concluded that Ethiopia, if it uses its energy potentials properly,could not only meet its energy demands but also be a giant energy supplier to east African nations in a few years.

Ecotourism is very burning issue and one of the fastest growing sectors in current worldtourism industry. Especially in many developing countries like Nepal are trying to useecotourism as a tool to achieve sustainable development. The paper mainly considers currentopportunities of ecotourism in Nepal where tourism is one of the fastest expanding industrieswhich has been leaving various negative impacts in different areas. It is aiming to study aboutthe current state of ecotourism in Nepal. The paper also attempt to give critical analysis ofecotourism impacts and challenges in the case of Nepal and point out some recommendationsfor better practice of ecotourism. The paper tries to answer the following question: Isecotourism opportunity or challenge in Nepal? How is ecotourism practised in the country?Can ecotourism be a beneficial tool for sustainable development of the country? How canecotourism be very effective means of development and conservation?Nepal has abundance of opportunities of ecotourism industry. But its effective practice andimplementation is not promising due to lack of commitment of governmental policy andplanning strategy with combination of integrated conservation and development. Thus to runecotourism project properly, principles and theories of ecotourism must be considered a majorbase while make its policy and planning. Policy must be integrative, collaborative andcomprehensive to achieve real outcome of ecotourism by realizing importance ofenvironmental, social and economic imperatives.

In this thesis, a list of aspects or characteristics of sustainable development awareness in a society was made from a literature review of the history of sustainable development, theories and practices on sustainable development, and sustainable development in anthropology. An historical review of tideland reclamation in Korea and key informant interviews about the Saemangeum Tideland Reclamation Project were conducted. It was an effort to show that the Saemangeum Project became the first national controversy over sustainable development in South Korea by applying the list of aspects or characteristics of sustainable development awareness. This study was carried out in an attempt to seek a way of studying sustainable development from an anthropological point of view. The results of this study indicated that the majority of aspects or characteristics of sustainable development awareness had emerged in the early and middle 1990s when the Saemangeum Project became a national controversy over the environment versus development. Broadening the research area of sustainable development by focusing on a human behavior, awareness, is the main contribution of this study to the anthropological study of development. The thesis concludes with the possibility of a comparative study between countries where mud-flats are a significant natural resource to deepen understanding sustainable development.

The main purpose of this study was to obtain a better understanding of the impact of urban growth and change on sustainability based on a comparative study of municipalities comprising Gyeonggi Province within the Seoul Metropolitan Region, Korea over the 1990-2000 period. To examine the impact of urban growth and change on sustainability, this study selected 38 sustainability indicators (population density, waste recycling rate, time spent commuting, etc.) and then measured progress towards sustainability in 31 study areas for the years 1990, 1995 and 2000. Data for this study were drawn from the 1990-2000 censuses and local government publications. Statistical methods such as t-test, analysis of variance and factor analysis were used to answer the research questions. This study led to five major findings. First, the study areas with higher densities showed the lower mean values of sustainability. This result implies that increased density does not necessarily result in improved sustainability. Second, the level of sustainability has increased over time in urban areas with green belt, but the mean differences were not statistically significant. On the contrary, the level of sustainability continued to decline in their surrounding areas over the study period. In particular, there was a significant decline between 1995 and 2000. Third, for the entire region, the overall level of sustainability has not improved over the study period. However, different trends of sustainability have emerged within different parts of the region. Fourth, there were significant differences in the mean values for the level of sustainability among three zones within the region. Overall, the level of sustainability was much higher in the nature preservation zone (where development projects are strictly controlled to protect natural resources) than in the growth management zone (where urban development consistent with the planned land use is allowed) and the over-concentration control zone (where further development is discouraged to control population growth) during the study period. Fifth, although there were some variations in elements affecting the pattern of sustainability for each year, key elements influencing the pattern of sustainability remained relatively stable over the study period.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Florida, 2005. / Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 252 pages. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 158-162).

Thesis (M. Inst. Agrar))--University of Pretoria, 2000.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2003. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Available also from UMI Company.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references.