The genus Liparis in Taiwan was taxonomically revised based on morphological, phytogeographical and ecological evidences. Pseudobulb articulation, leaf number, lip and column are the most valuable characters for the classification within the genus in Taiwan. The morphology of leaf epidermis and seed coat also provide useful information in subgenus or section level. Geographically, eleven species are distributed in Machilus-Castanopsis zone, in which the species L. somai Hayata, L. campylostalix Rchb. f., L. wrayi Hook. f., and L. henryi Rolfe have strict distributional range. According to cladistic analysis, the result reveals that Liparis is a paraphyletic group rather than a monophyletic group. As a result of above studies, twenty-two taxa, including one variety and two uncertain species, are recongnized. L. japonica (Miq.) Maxim. and L. cespitosa (Thouars) Lindl. are synonyms of L. elongata Fukuy. and L. laurisilvatica Fukuy., respectively. L. kawakamii Hayata and L. derchiensis Ying are instead conspecific to L. nakaharai Hayata. and L. japonica (Miq.) Maxim. L. amabilis Fukuy. and L. hensoaensis Kudo. are treated as uncertain species due to insufficiency of evidence.

Under the context of globalization, the development of higher education is similar to that of international business in that the leading trends are economic development, expansion of business, and market orientation. These trends will result in countries with strong competitive advantages, and at the other hand, will also result in countries who must deal with facing these strong and dominant powers. Higher education systems under global competitiveness mostly follow the model and features that have been set according to the advantages of these Western developed countries. In addition to English being the predominant language, other indicators such as scientific research output, qualitative and quantitative academic indicators, or even the numbers of Nobel laureates produced, are all favorable to the international level of Western countries. Taiwan¡¦s higher education system has been endeavoring to ¡§internationalize¡¨ its university and college campuses, and has been doing so as an important indicator of the standard of the institution. Yet are Taiwan¡¦s higher education internationalization methodologies directly following the Western models, and if so, what are some limitations and conflicts that might arise. This paper aims to discuss whether these efforts by Taiwan¡¦s higher education institutions will be feasible in trying to produce a so-called internationalized campus and compatible competitiveness.

Abstract This thesis is to study habit, tuber, stem, leaf, flower and fruit morphology, phytogeography, and phenology in Dioscorea. Finally, concerns are given to the infrgeneric taxonomy. Plants of Dioscorea in Taiwan are scandent vine; underground tuber or rhizome cylindrical, pyriform or spherical; steme terete or quadrangular in cross-section, ridged, or winged, green or violet, pubscent or glabrous or prickly; aerial tuber axilly or absent. Leaves alternate or opposite, simple or palmately- compound; simple leaves cordate or ovate-triangular, 3-9 nerved; leaflets of palmately-compound leaves lanceolate or ovate, nerves pinnately; 3-9 nerved; veinlets reticulate; petioles twisted and dilated at base. Flowers usually dioecious, arranged in axillay panicles, racemes, or spikes; male flowers solitary or fasciled on rachis, perianths 6, 2-whorled, tepals mostly similar, stamens 6, sometimes the inner 3 sterile, filaments attached to base of perianths, anthers 2 celled, longitudinally dehiscent, pistillodium rudimentary, present or absent; pistillate flowers solitary on rachis, perianths similar to the staminate, with 0, 3 or 6 staminodia; ovary inferior, trigonous, 3-celled, ovules 2 in each cell; stigmas 3, 2-lobed at apex. Fruit capsulate, tripterous. Seed 2 in each cell, with membranous wing. Flowering period is from April to September. Mostly fruiting from July to November. Most species of the genus in Taiwan are widely spreading in the island. Among the species in Taiwan, two endemic.

The system known as eurhythmics focuses on developing one¡¦s rhythmic potential through the use of his or her own body. Through experiences with natural movement, eurhythmics offers opportunities for developing keener hearing, concentration, mental alertness to musical elements, rhythmic control, coordination, flexibility, recognition and understanding of musical symbols, and appreciation of expressive qualities of music. There have been some choral educators, conductors and directors engaged in training choirs by eurhythmics. Taking Taiwan¡¦s Protestant Church Choirs as a research sample, this study analyzes the application of eurhythmics concepts during rehearsal. This result could be a guideline for those who direct or train church choirs. There are five chapters in this thesis. Chapter one contains the ideal, worded as a hypothesis, and poses questions to be pursued in this study. Chapter two briefly introduces the performing style, levels of choir members¡¦ education, and directors¡¦ training in Protestant Church Choirs in Taiwan. It then discusses the possibility of rehearsing choirs by eurhythmics. Chapter three cites available research material and commences on its implications for the topic. Chapter four plays the results in tables and then discusses questions that remain to be solved. Chapter five draws conclusions briefly, then make reflections and suggestions.

Leaf vein patterns of ferns are highly stable at genus and family level. The vein patterns include free vein, reticulate vein and mixed type of above two. The evolutionary direction of the fern venation is from free veins toward further dividing into anastomosing venation. In this study, observations on the venation were made for 53 species of Taiwan Polypodiaceae ferns. Two basic patterns were found : mixed and reticulate. The growth of the venation can be divided into three types : r type, Y type and T type. The r type was found in Pyrrosia ; the Y type was found in Drynaria, Aglaomorpha, Polypodium, Leptochilus and Loxogramme ; and the T type was found in Arthromeris, Selliguea, Lemmaphyllum, Lepisorus, Colysis, Microsorum, Phymatosorum and Neocheiropteris. The leaf venation patterns of venation in Polypodiaceae can be divided into seven modes in three lines, with each genus has its own common characteristies. This study of vein pattern demonostrates its important role in the investigation of fern evolution.

ABSTRACT Papermaking is one of the four major inventions of our country, and is also the index for the cultural life level and economic development in one country. Trade is the main dependence for Taiwan to maintain survival, especially at the beginning of the 21st century. Our country has been listed as the 14th trade country globally, which shows the importance of international trade to Taiwan. WTO is the most important international trade organization at present. In 2002, there are 144 member countries covering 90% trade of the whole world; that is why it is called economic and trading United Nations. This study first gives a brief introduction to the history of WTO. Then it discusses the basic idea of WTO, i.e. there is non-discrimination trade, the market is opened through negotiation, fair competition is promoted, development and economic transformation are encouraged. It also introduces the four basic principles, i.e. the most preferential country treatment, national treatment, trade freedom, transparency and being predictable. Concerning the function of WTO, it also describes dispute solution rules, main organizations and responsibilities of WTO. It discusses the influence on our country and corresponding measures after entering WTO. The study analyzes the status quo of papermaking industry. First, it analyzes the status quo of papermaking industry worldwide. In 2000, the top five countries in the world paper pulp production are USA, Canada, China, Finland, and Sweden. The top five countries in paper and paper board production are USA, Japan, China, Canada, Germany, while Taiwan is listed as the top 16 production country. The annual paper usage amount per capita represents the level of culture, living standard and as an important index of economic development for a country. The top five countries are Finland, Belgium, USA, Sweden and Holland, while Taiwan is ranked as the 9th, a country with high cultural living standard and industrial development. This study gives a systematic description of Taiwan papermaking industry after analyze papermaking globally. Ever since Ching Dynasty, Taiwan papermaking has 130 years of history. During the initial stage, it used bamboo to make paper, and later cane dregs. As Taiwan is lacking of natural forest resources, which forced Taiwan papermaking industry to research and develop and become a country with the highest waste paper recovery rate and utilization rate worldwide. It made full use of waste paper as the raw material, to develop the unique papermaking core technique and competitiveness. As Taiwan has entered into WTO and become closely connected with the world, this study gives In-depth discussion and description about the strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats of Taiwan papermaking industry. It also provides corresponding measures for reference to papermaking industry and the government. Key Words: WTO¡BPAPERMAKING INDUSTRY¡BTAIWAN

Between 1991 and 2002 three hundred and sixteen specimens of scolopendromorphs were collected from 100 sites in Taiwan. In total, 16 species (subspecies) of 5 genera, Scolopendra, Rhysida, Otostigmus, Cryptops, Scolopocryptops (formerly Otocryptops) were found. Three species are new by record to Taiwan, i.e., Scolopocryptops capillipedatus (Takakuwa, 1938), Scolopocryptops melanostomus melanostomus Newport, 1845 and Cryptops japonicus Takakuwa, 1934. A revisionary status, Scolopendra multidens Newport, 1844, formerly regarded as a subspecies of Scolopendra subspinipes by Kraepelin in 1903, is now a valid species, distinguished by the presence of genital appendages in males, margined tergites, and the presence of a tarsal spine on 20th leg. A new status, Scolopendra subspinipes japonica L. Koch 1878 maybe a subspecies or a geographic variation of Scolopendra multidens Newport, 1844, because they only differ in the color of head capsule and sternital paramedian sutures. But it must be demonstrated further. In the case of Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans, it may be a young S. subspinipes subspinipes, because they only differ in the color of head capsule and body size. Five previously recorded species and 2 subspecies were, however, not found on the island during this study. Based on body measurements, it is proposed that Rhysida longipes brevicornis Takakuwa, 1932 = Rhysida longipes longipes (Newport, 1845), Rhysida nuda brevicornuta Wang, 1951 = Rhysida immarginata immarginata (Porat, 1876), and Otostigmus insularis Hasse, 1887 = Otostigmus malayanus Chamberlin, 1914 = Otostigmus scaber Porat, 1876. We did not find any specimens resembling the description of Otostigmus multispinosus Takakuwa, 1937. It could have been misidentified, as the presence of a very similar species Otostigmus aculeatus Haase, 1887 on the island.

Population genetic variation of cultured oyster Crassostrea spp. in Taiwan and neighborhood Cheng-Pin Yu ¡]Advisor¡GDr. Jin-Hua Cheng¡^ Institute of Marine Biology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsuang 804 Taiwan R.O.C. Thesis Abstract The genetic variations among oyster populations of Taiwan, Ginmen and Fu-kein coast are analyzed using molecular method. Firstly, DNA sequences of mitochondrial 16S rRNA and COI genes are analyzed according to nucleotide differences and restriction enzyme recognition site. Then, population variations were analyzed by the lane pattern of restriction enzyme fragment¡]RFLP¡^. The sequences of 530 bp DNA fragment of 16S rRNA gene showed little difference¡]0-1 bp¡^between Portuguese oyster and oyster cultured in Taiwan, both have larger differences¡]3-4 bp¡^compared with C. gigas. The sequences of 700 bp DNA fragment of COI gene showed similar results. C. angulata is found in Ginmen and Fu-kein coast for the first time which is identified by the PCR-RFLP of COI gene fragment. PCR-RFLP analysis of COI gene fragment showed C. angulata from Portugal are genetically closest to the oysters collected from Ginmen and Fu-kein.

Previous studies showed that dendrotoxins and B chain of b-Bungarotoxin shared sequence and structural homology with Kunitz-type protease inhibitors. In the present study, the cDNA of Kunitz¡Vtype protease inhibitor was successfully amplified from Taiwan cobra venom gland total RNAs using the primers designed from the B chain of b-Bungarotoxin. The deduced amino acid sequence of the cDNA exhibited the structural character of chymotrypsin inhibitor, and the mature protein contained 57 amino acids with six Cys residues. The chymotrypsin inhibitor was subcloned into pET29a(+) and transformed into BL21(DE3) E.coli strain. The expressed protein was isolated from inclusion bodies of E.coli and subjected to refolding into its folded structure. The inhibitor potency of the recombinant protein on chymotrypsin activity had a Ki value of 461.3 mM. However, removal of its N-terminal fused peptide with thrombin further increased the Ki value to 31.7 mM. Removal of the N-terminal residues further reduced its inhibitory potency, and the inhibitory activity completely lost after deleting three residues at the N-terminus of mature protein. This reflects that the N-terminal region of protease inhibitor should be associated with its activity. The genomic DNA encoding the precursor of the inhibitor was also amplified using PCR. The genetic structure composed of three exons and three introns, which shared the same organization with the b-Bungarotoxin B chain gene. Moreover, the two genes showed a high degree of sequence identity up to 83%. This observation emphasizes the idea that the B chain of b-Bungarotoxin and protease inhibitor are evolutionarily related.

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