It is well known that the atmosphere of the earth emits a glow throughout the night. The major contribution to this nightglow was first observed in 1901 and was later shown to be due to the transition: O(<SUP>1</SUP>S) → O(^1D) +<i>hv</i>. After many years of controversy, the accepted method for the production of the O(^1S) at a height around 100 km is the Barth mechanism: O(<SUP>3P) + O(<SUP>3P) + M →O <SUP>ast<SUB>2 + M </SUB></SUP>O<SUP>ast<SUB>2 + O(<SUP>3P) →O<SUB>2 + O(<SUP>1S)</SUB></SUP> Where O^ast_2 represents an excited species of oxygen. The precursor can be any of four possible states: O_2(<i>A</i>^3 Σ+_u), O_2(<i>c</i>^1Σ-_u), O_2(<i>A'</i>^3Δu) and O_2(^5πg). All of these states have been proposed as the O(^1S) precursor at one time or another, but none conclusively. For a long time it has been realised that atmospheric measurements of O(^1S), its possible precursors and other relevant species, needs to be taken simultaneously. However up to now this has not been achieved in the laboratory. In the work described here, O(^1S) and the three precursors O_2(<i>A</i>^3Σ+_u), O_2(<i>A'</i>^3Δu) and O_2(<i>c</i>^1Σ-_u) were observed in a laboratory fast flow system. A new method is described whereby upon the addition of a quencher to the system each species can be tested to see if it could be acting as the Barth precursor to O(^1S). Three different quenchers were added in turn; CO_2, SF_6 and O_2. The results gained lead to the conclusion that O_2(<i>c</i>^1Σ-_u), O_2(<i>A'</i>^3Δu) and O_2(<i>A</i>^3Σ+_u)(vleq4) cannot be acting as a O(^1S) precursor, and that O_2(<i>A</i>^3Σ+_u)(vgeq5) is able to do so. The absolute concentrations of O_2(A^3Σ+_u), O(^1S) and O(^3P) were measured and the results compared with the values of these quantities found at a height of 97 km in the earths atmosphere. This comparison shows that O_2(<i>A</i>^3Σ+_u)(vgeq5) can account for all the O(^1S) production at that height at night. The thesis concludes with a discussion of the application of the same method to the determination of the precursors for some of the excited species of O_2.

A Laboratory Automation System (LAS) was implemented in E-Da hospital since 29 March 2011. We chose every result-reported data of all determination items instead of single item. We collected 1,826,444 reported data on laboratory turnaround time (TAT) from E-Da hospital during both pre- (July 2010 to March 2011) and post-LAS (April to December 2011). All data were classed with months and 18 TAT means were calculated. A Two-Factor analysis of variance was applied to the means and we found a significant difference, from 88.8 min. to 74.4 min., between pre- and post-LAS under a 95% confidence level. This showed a result of TAT improvement of 14.4 min. (16.2%) after LAS implemented. The data were seperated into Stat or Routine sets after classed with months, and means of each set of data were calculated. The result of Two-Factor analyses of variance on the separated Stat or Routine sets revealed that the Stat TAT did not change significantly (P=.05) and the Routine TAT, as a result of improvement of 29.0 min. (21.3%), did. This showed an improvement of Routine TAT contributes to the improvement of TAT. The former conclusion could be demostrated that Routine TAT correlated best with the TAT (r2=0.99, P=.05) and Stat TAT correlated poor with the TAT (r2=0.36, P=.05). As to 90% TAT analysis, it seemes that an improvement from 14.4 min. to 10.8 min. (16.2% to 15.3%) will be underestimated if 90% TAT was sifted from original TAT and analyzed. And a TAT Outlier analysis, tail size, seems to improve better, reduced 47 min. (18.5%), than 90% TAT analysis. We suggest a total TAT analysis instead of 90% TAT or Outlier ones. Both Clinical Chemistry (CC) and Immune Assay (IA) TAT did change significantly (P=.05), as a result of improvement of 13.7 min. (16.1%) and 18.2 min. (14.7%) each other, when the data were seperated into CC or IA sets. This showed an improvement of TAT after automation was contributed by both the improvement of CC and IA TAT. It could be also demostrated by the best correlation relationship of CC and IA TAT with the TAT (r2=1.00 and 0.96, P=.05). We also found fewer laboratory errors after automation and this result consisted with staff satisfacation. In other words, the staff of the hospital were much satisfied with LAS when a fewer laboratory errors was found from the reports.

För att flygplatser ska kunna ha så hög kapacitet som möjligt krävs effektivisering av alla delar av flygplatsverksamheten. Denna studie har identifierat problem och utvecklingsområden av användningen av markutrustning på flygplatser. I studien har det även analyserats effektiviseringsmöjligheter. Några exempel på problem och utvecklingsområden som funnits är att utrustningen är utspridd på flygplatsen och att det finns för mycket utrustning. Ett av lösningsförslagen som föreslås i rapporten är att en tredjepartsaktör äger all markutrustning på flygplatsen och sedan bedriver uthyrning av utrustningen till användarna.

Zugl.: Halle (Saale), University, Diss., 2006.

Zugl.: Leipzig, Handelshochsch., Diss., 2009

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No description available.

No description available.

Zugl.: Dresden, Techn. University, Diss., 2006.

Zugl.: Genève, Univ., Diss., 2008