The most efficient wildlife research programs and the most satisfactory methods of applying their results are greatly enhanced if the information is present in such an interesting and understandable manner that it becomes of practical value ot the people. Extension education has the function of translating the results of research into usable form and presenting it to the people. The development of a wildlife extension program is based on the needs of the people, and the various phases of the program are designed to meet and solve wildlife probems confronting the people. The purposes of this study are: 1. To determine the possible need for a wildlife extension program in Utah. 2. To determine the extent of national need for wildlife extension work. 3. To sumarize the extension programs in states now having a wildlife extension service. 4. To develop a guide to wildlife extension work in Utah.

Waterfowl utilization was recorded by observing study units at different elevations from the time water areas were thawed in the spring until they were frozen in the fall. Sixteen species of waterfowl were observed in the Uinta Mountain; mallards, green-winged teal, pintails, and ring-necked ducks were breeders. Ninety-eight percent of all waterfowl observed were below 10,000 feet. Waterfowl numbers were highest during migratory periods and lowest in the breeding season. Adult waterfowl were observed most often on natural water areas and beaver ponds greater than one acre. Water areas at lower elevations had high indices of aquatic invertebrates and contained aquatic plants with high seed producing capabilities whereas water areas at high elevations had little water-fowl food.

One of the important elements in the cycle of water movement from the time it falls on the surface of the land as rain or snow until it reaches the ocean, is evapo-transpiration or consumptive use of water. This subject is becoming increasingly more important, particularly in the irrigated regions of the West. It involves problems of water supply, both surface and underground, as well as those of management and general economics of irrigation projects. The purpose of this study was to obtain basic information regarding the consumptive use of water by standard crops in the Upper Colorado River Area of Utah. This information is needed to determine the flow depletion at Lee's ferry resulting from diversions from the river in the basin above. From these data, it will be possible to estimate the water supply available for future development and to predict the water supply needs for individual projects which may be proposed. in addition, the consumptive use data may well be used as a vasis for adjudication of water rights or arbitration of controversies over major stream-systems where the public welfare of valleys, states, and even nations is involved.

A major bioenvironmental effect of The United States Atomic Energy Commission's Underground Nuclear Testing Program on Amchitka Island, Alaska was the decimation of stream communities by drilling muds from the device emplacement holes. These muds reached two of these streams 4 months and 2 years before the Milrow and Cannikin tests, respectively. Recolonization of fishes and macroinvertebrates in these small streams (Clevenger and White Alice Creeks) began 1 month after spill abatement. Complete recovery of Dolly Varden in Clevenger Creek occurred less than 5 years after the spill. Of the other native fishes, pink salmon spawned 1 1/2 years after the spill and threespine stickleback, which were formerly rare in the stream, remained absent after 5 years. Although the midge Chironomus riparius recovered completely in 2 1/2 years, populations of three of the nine sympatric macroinvertebrates were still below the pre-spill densities after 5 years. Annual production of juvenile Dolly Varden in Clevenger Creek 3 and 4 years after the spill (42.45 and 43.58 kg ha-1, dry weight) surpassed the pre-spill estimate (40.21 kg ha-1) because of the predominance of new year classes in the recovering population, and not because of increased growth rates. Annual production of the recovering midges in Clevenger Creek 3 years after the spill was about 1 1/2 times the pre-spill estimate (8.12 and 12.01 gm m-2, dry weight), because of high densities from reduced competition by sympatric macroinvertebrates and predation by Dolly Varden. Rapid expulsion of the pollutant by high runoffs and immigration of individuals from unaffected areas of the stream sped the initial recolonization. The increased turbidity and some bank sloughing caused by the Milrow event did not hinder this recovery. The spill that decimated the communities of White Alice Creek, persisted for 1 1/2 years and slowed the recovery of fishes and macroinvertebrates in that stream. Physical damage and alteration of stream habitat by the Cannikin device further inhibited recolonization. Macroinvertebrate species diversity of unperturbed Amchitka streams was low when compared to that of continental streams. The response of this index to seasonal variations in density invalidated its use as a sensitivity index to perturbations in these simply-structured island communities. The stability of these low diversity communities was not thoroughly evaluated, since their resistence was not thoroughly tested; the mud spills seemed toxic enough to have decimated most stream populations. However, resilience, or the recooperative process, appeared high as indicated by rapid recolonization of native species after abatement.

This study describes behavior of the Uinta round squirrel (Citellus armatus) in a free-living population. Its objective is to provide basic behavioral information on a small mammal which can fill in part of the gaps in our knowledge of behavior and social organization of the vertebrates. This would contribute to the long-term goal of viewing the progressive evolutionary changes in behavior from lower forms to man. Tinbergen has done much experimental work with animals, but he cautions biologists not to begin experimental work until they have a knowledge of the animals' general behavior. In his book Social Behaviour in Animals (1953), he states that initial behavioral research should be broad, descriptive, and observational in nature. This is necessary before attempting investigation of specific behavioral problems in order to place each behavior pattern in its proper perspective . Accordingly, this study attempts to describe the spectrum of ground squirrel activity aboveground. Further, within the limited scope of a broad descriptive study, it attempts to ascribe possible causation, function, and origin to some of these activities. The beginner sees a welter of activities and postures in the ground squirrel. However, with time one learns that there are general patterns of behavior in the apparent chaos. A given situation, such as feeding or fighting, is sufficiently stereotyped to enable one to eneralize about the activities and postures that occur. This paper presents just such generalizations. All descriptions are of adult ground squirrels in the study area unless otherwise indicated.

Avian botulism or ''western duck sickness" has long been a major problem on duck marshes in the western part of the United States. This has been demonstrated to result from the ingestion of products of metabolism of bacterial cells of Clostridium botulinum type C. These products when ingested by waterfowl act as neurotoxins (Coburn, 1942). Studies have shown that many animal tissues are readily utilized as culture media by C1. botulinum type C (Bell et al., 1955). Since 1955 investigations have indicated a close relation between the occurrence of avian botulism and invertebrate population levels. It is thought that when invertebrates reach peak numbers during their most favorable reproductive season, a large die-off soon follows. Large numbers of birds show symptoms of avian botulism approximately one week after this die-off begins. The theory is that invertebrate carcasses provide a suitable medium for the rapid multiplication of C1. botulinum, and hence, the development of high concentrations of toxin. These toxin-laden carcasses are readily ingested by waterfowl which succumb to the neurotoxins (Jensen and Allen, 1960). The prime objective of this study was to find some means of preventing invertebrates from attaining high peak numbers during their most favorable reproductive season and thus possibly reduce botulism among waterfowl. Complete kill of the invertebrate population appeared to be undesirable for two reasons: (1) too large a kill would reduce waterfowl below desirable levels; and (2) excessive kill would increase the number of decomposing carcasses and favor the outbreak of botulism. It was theorized that the kill should be between 30 and 60 percent of the invertebrates present prior to the time when peak numbers were reached. Only those insecticides which have shown little toxicity to wildlife were used in this experiment. Attempts were made to estimate the value of LD 50 for each of the insecticides used in this study. LD 50 is the dosage causing 50 percent mortality in a test population and is considered the most reliable of the LD figures (Rudd and Genelly, 1956). The specific objectives of this project were: (1) to evaluate the relative effectiveness of selected insecticides, (2) to determine the selectivity of the insecticides on several invertebrate groups, and (3) to determine the treatment most effective in reducing numbers of specific invertebrate groups.

One of the more important forms of recreation in Utah is fishing. Each year since the end of World War II more than 100,000 resident and 4,000 non-resident fishermen have taken to the streams and lakes of this state. They spend approximately $2,200,000 each year in the quest of fish, mostly trout. In 1916, 25,473 licenses were sold, in 1937 the number of licenses had risen to 41,200, in 1945 the sales amounted to 104,000 and in 1947 had icnreased to nearly 131,000. Because of the increased number of fishermen each year, the desirability of greater numbers of legal-sized fish as correspondingly increased. This study was initiated in March, 1948, and field work began in June. Marking and planing of legal-sized trought was the first phase of the project. As the fishing season opened on June 12, census of creels and of automobiles to determine fisherman numbers began on this date and continued throughout the fishing season. Samples of fish populations in the river were collected and released during one day of each week by the use of an electrical shocking device.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 200 p.; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-123). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

Author's doctoral dissertation, University of Wisconsin, 1920, but not published as a thesis. / Bibliography: p. 114-115.

Thesis (M.A.)--Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, 1993. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 132-145).