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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Crescimento e composi??o qu?mico-bromatol?gica do capim Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp) sob doses de nitrog?nio. / Growth and chemical-bromatological composition of Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp) under nitrogen doses.

Oliveira, Ana Paula Pessim de 11 July 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:59:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Ana Paula Pessim de Oliveira.pdf: 1134139 bytes, checksum: e35252b70432f1b09c9e114425df2810 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07-11 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The effects of nitrogen (N) application on several structural and nutritional attributes of the plant canopy were evaluated. The studies were carried out at the Experimental Campus of the Rio de Janeiro Federal Rural University, Serop?dica-RJ, in area of Planosol Haplic occurrence, during the period of October 2006 to July 2007. Treatments consisted of five doses of N (0; 150; 300; 450 and 600 kg N-urea/ha) disposed in experimental units of 4 x 4 m using a entirely randomized block design. After a standardization cut, made 82 days after planting, it proceeded to the application of nitrogen fertilizer levels, half of which at 94 days, and the remaining at 139 days after the planting. Four studies had been carried through, which the results are presented in distinct chapters. In the first chapter the results of nitrogen fertilization were discussed in terms of soil covering, leaf area index (LAI) and solar radiation interception, during the four sequential cuts, between the months of February and July of 2007. Weekly evaluations were accomplished, between 10 and 40 days after cut. The LAI frequency of occurrence, plant height, green cover index and level of photosynthetically active radiation intercepted showed significant responses to N fertilization, according to a logistic pattern and also varied seasonally within each cut, evidencing different sensibility as indicators for structure and growth of the Tifton 85 sward. In the second study were evaluated the effect of N fertilization on biomass production and the efficiency in the use of N absorbed. For statistical analysis purposes, sampling data were clustered in two seasons: rainy season (February to April) and dry season (April to July). It was quantified in each cut date the production of green and dry mass, leaves and stem fraction, as well as the N content in each one of the vegetative fractions. This study showed that N fertilization icreased the dry matter production and stimulated the production of leaves and stems in both the seasons (rainy and dry). However, the nitrogen fertilization, per se, does not modify the partition of the dry mass produced by leaves and stems, and had no influence on efficiency of the pasture to produce dry matter per unit of N absorbed. The third study, of methodological character, aimed the validation of indirect procedures for estimate the functional relation between the green and dry mass and the LAI. The occurrence frequency and the index of green covering were tested as substitutes of IAF using simple correlation procedure. Although in this study has been observed the existence of a significant association among the the canopy attributes estimates associated to the leaf area and the forage production leaf area and forage production, additional studies are necessary to improve the reliability and accuracy of this estimates. Finally, in the last study, the influence of the nitrogen fertilization on nutritional value of the forage was evaluated. The crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, lignin, cellulose and hemicelulose cotents were determined. The results showed that the addition of N improved the forage quality, increasing crude protein contents and decreasing fibrous fraction. / Foram avaliados os efeitos da aplica??o de nitrog?nio (N) sobre uma s?rie de atributos estruturais e nutricionais do dossel. Os estudos foram desenvolvidos no campo experimental da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, munic?pio de Serop?dica- RJ, em ?rea de ocorr?ncia de Planossolo. O experimento foi conduzido sob regime de cortes, durante o per?odo de outubro de 2006 a julho de 2007. Foram estudadas cinco doses de N (0; 150; 300; 450 e 600 kg/ha) em diferentes ?pocas do ano. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos inteiramente casualizados. Foram feitos quatro estudos, cujos resultados s?o apresentados em cap?tulos distintos. No primeiro cap?tulo, os efeitos da aduba??o nitrogenada s?o discutidos em termos de cobertura do solo, ?ndice de ?rea foliar e intercepta??o da radia??o solar, no curso de quatro cortes seq?enciais, entre os meses de fevereiro e julho. As avalia??es foram realizadas, semanalmente, entre o 10o e o 40o dia ap?s o corte. Em cada corte, o ?ndice de ?rea foliar (IAF), a freq??ncia de ocorr?ncia, altura de planta, ?ndice de cobertura verde e o n?vel de radia??o fotossinteticamente ativa interceptada, responderam ? aduba??o nitrogenada, conforme um padr?o log?stico e variaram sazonalmente, evidenciando uma sensibilidade diversa como indicadores da estrutura e do crescimento da pastagem de Tifton 85. No segundo estudo foram abordadas as respostas relativas ? produ??o de biomassa sob aduba??o nitrogenada e a efici?ncia na utiliza??o do N absorvido. Para efeito de an?lise estat?stica, os dados das coletas foram agrupados em ?poca das chuvas (fevereiro a abril) e ?poca seca (abril a julho). Em cada data de corte foi quantificada a produ??o de massa verde e seca, a sua parti??o entre folhas e colmos + bainhas, assim como o teor de N em cada uma das partes vegetativas. Este estudo evidenciou que a aduba??o nitrogenada aumentou a produ??o de forragem, estimulando a produ??o de folhas e colmos tanto na ?poca chuvosa quanto na seca. Por outro lado, a aduba??o nitrogenada, per se, n?o modificou a parti??o da massa seca produzida por folhas e colmos, nem influenciou a efici?ncia com a qual a pastagem produz massa seca por unidade de nitrog?nio absorvido. O terceiro estudo, de cunho metodol?gico, objetivou a valida??o de procedimentos indiretos para a estimativa da rela??o funcional entre a massa verde e seca e o ?ndice de ?rea foliar da pastagem. Foram estudados a freq??ncia de ocorr?ncia e o ?ndice de cobertura verde como suced?neos do IAF, utilizando-se correla??o simples. Embora tenha sido observada a exist?ncia de um grau de associa??o significativo entre as estimativas de atributos ligados ? ?rea foliar e a produ??o de forragem, s?o necess?rios estudos adicionais para melhorar a confiabilidade e a acur?cia de tais estimativas. No quarto estudo foi estudada a influencia da aduba??o nitrogenada sobre o valor nutricional da forragem, sendo avaliados os teores de prote?na bruta, fibra em detergente neutro, fibra em detergente ?cido, lignina, celulose e hemicelulose. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a adi??o de N melhorou a qualidade da forragem, aumentando os teores de prote?na bruta e reduzindo a fra??o fibrosa.

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