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No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) ronilson_ferreira_freitas.pdf: 5087070 bytes, checksum: a5bcb636f9ce2c039312753f72cda782 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e relacionar a qualidade da dieta materna e a composi??o do leite humano em ?cidos graxos no primeiro trimestre de lacta??o. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiol?gico observacional, transversal que foi desenvolvido no per?odo de agosto de 2014 ? dezembro de 2015. A amostra constituiu-se de 106 nutrizes residentes na zona urbana da cidade de Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Os instrumentos de coleta dos dados foram question?rio semiestruturado para caracteriza??o da amostra e o recordat?rio de ingest?o habitual. A qualidade da dieta foi avaliada por meio do ?ndice de Alimenta??o Saud?vel validado para a popula??o brasileira (IAS). Amostras de leite materno maduro foram obtidas de 106 nutrizes, a partir da 5? semana p?s-parto, por meio de ordenha manual. A extra??o da gordura do leite foi realizada atrav?s do m?todo de Bligh-Dyer, e metiladas com met?xido de s?dio 0,25 mol/l em metanol dietil ? ?ter. O perfil de ?cidos graxos do leite foi determinado por um Cromat?grafo a G?s equipado com detector por ioniza??o de chamas. Para as an?lises deste estudo, foram estimadas as porcentagens m?dias e desvios padr?o, as medianas e intervalos interquart?licos. Utilizou-se o teste de Kolmogorov-Sminorv para testar a normalidade dos dados. Foi realizado teste de Correla??o de Pearson e de Spearman, para verificar associa??o entre as vari?veis. Posteriormente foi realizada a an?lise de regress?o linear m?ltipla e an?lise de regress?o multivariada. A pontua??o m?dia do IAS total de 64,36?10,68 e os alimentos do grupo das frutas total, fruta inteira, cereal total, cereal integral e leite e derivados, foram os componentes do IAS das nutrizes com menores pontua??es, e com maior frequ?ncia de nota m?nima. Foi poss?vel observar um baixo consumo de frutas totais, frutas inteiras, cereais totais, cereais integrais e leite e derivados. Dentre os ?cidos graxos saturados, foram observados valores mais elevados para os ?cidos graxos palm?tico (C16:0), este?rico (C18:0), mir?stico (C14:0) e l?urico (C12:0), respectivamente. Entre os ?cidos graxos mono-insaturados, verificou-se maior contribui??o dos ?cidos graxos oleico (C18:1) e palmitoleico (C16:1), respectivamente. O total de ?cidos graxos essenciais (linoleico e ?- linol?nico) foi de 14,94%.Foi poss?vel observar uma rela??o inversa entre o consumo de frutas totais com o perfil de ?cidos graxos poli-insaturados, e uma rela??o direta entre o consumo de frutas totais e cereais totais com os ?cidos mono-insaturados e saturados, o que sugere que a qualidade da dieta reflete na composi??o de ?cidos graxos do leite materno. / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Sa?de, Sociedade e Ambiente, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016. / The aim of this study was to evaluate and relate the quality of maternal diet and the composition of human milk fatty acids in the first quarter of lactation. This is an observational epidemiological study, cross that was carried out from August 2014 to December 2015. The sample consisted of 106 nursing mothers living in the urban area of the city of Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Collection instruments data were semi-structured questionnaire to characterize the sample and usual intake recall. The quality of the diet was assessed by the Healthy Eating Index validated for the Brazilian population (IAS). Mature human milk samples were obtained from lactating 106, from the 5th week after birth, by manual milking. The extraction of milk fat was performed using the Bligh-Dyer method and methylated with sodium methoxide 0.25 moles/l in methanol diethyl - ether. The profile of fatty acids of milk was determined by a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector. For the analysis of this study, the estimated mean and standard deviation percentages, medians and interquartile ranges. We used the Kolmogorov-Sminorv test to test the normality of the data. It was performed Pearson correlation test and Spearman to verify associations between variables. Later it was performed the analysis of multiple linear regression and multivariate regression analysis. The average score of all IAS 64.36?10.68 and the food group of all fruits, whole fruit, whole grain, whole grain and dairy products, were the components of the IAS of nursing mothers with lower scores, and more frequency minimum score. It was observed a low intake of total fruits, whole fruits, total grains, whole grains and dairy products. Among the saturated fatty acids, higher values were observed for palmitic fatty acid (C16: 0), stearic (C18: 0), myristic (C14: 0) and lauric (C12: 0), respectively. Among the mono-unsaturated fatty acids there was a higher contribution from the fatty acids oleic (C18: 1) and palmitoleic (C16: 1), respectively. The total essential fatty acids (linoleic and linolenic ?-) was 14.94%. It was observed an inverse relationship between the intake of total fruit with the profile of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and a direct relation between the consumption of total fruit and total cereal with the monounsaturated and saturated acids, which suggests that the quality diet reflects the fatty acid composition of breast milk.