Thesis (Ph. D.)--New York University, Graduate School of Arts and Science, 2005. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 463-533). Also available in electronic format on the World Wide Web. Access restricted to users affiliated with the licensed institutions.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--New York University, Graduate School of Arts and Science, 2005. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 284-312). Also available in electronic format on the World Wide Web. Access restricted to users affiliated with the licensed institutions.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--New York University, Graduate School of Arts and Science, 2005. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 569-606). Also available in electronic format on the World Wide Web. Access restricted to users affiliated with the licensed institutions.

El texto es un peregrinaje mental al Señor de Qoyllurit’i y una presentación de los  cuatro trabajos sobre el festival  que fueron presentados en el encuentro de Latin American Studies Association (LASA) 2009, y que Anthropologica publica en esta sección. Destaca la riqueza de las contribuciones en tanto brindan información, ideas e interpretaciones novedosas, así como la intensidad de la experiencia del festival que ellas evocan. / The text is a mental journey to the festival of Lord of Qoyllurit’i and a presentation of the four papers on this event presented at the Latin American Studies Association (LASA) 2009 meeting that Anthropologica publishes in this section. It highlights the richness of contributions as they provide information, ideas, and new interpretations, and shows the strength and intensity of the experience that they evoke.

This research investigates how communities reorganize during periods of widespread social, economic, and religious transformation. In particular, the study traces the process through which the people of Hualcayán, an ancient ritual, settlement, and agricultural complex in highland Ancash, Peru, forged a new kind of community during one of the most transformative but little understood periods in Andean prehistory: the disintegration of the Chavín religious and political network (900â500 BC) and the subsequent emergence of more localized Recuay communities and polities (AD 1â700). The study examines this process of community formation by focusing on how people at Hualcayán reorganized their ritual and economic practices to produce new relationships to each other, local lands, and local resources. Specifically, it investigates how diverse kinds of collective labor and ritual practicesâespecially building, performance, food production, and ritual consumptionâintersected to assemble the Hualcayán community through time. The study reveals that the Recuay emergence was a bottom-up process of local innovation and community reorganization. A new community was built when local people formed corporate groups that were organized through the combined labor of conducting shared rituals, growing and sharing foods, and building shared spaces. Paleobotanical, artifact, and architectural evidence shows that after people decommissioned their Chavín temple, groups began to build separate spaces that were used for both ritual and agricultural processing and storage. These ritual-storage compounds were dispersed within agricultural terraces, which suggests that local people began to strongly emphasize links between their groupâs ritual practices and the collective labor needed to produce food and infrastructure. These results contribute to the anthropological study of communities. First, they reveal several how collective economic practices such as agricultural intensification supports ritual practice and vice versa. Second, they support the need to explore communities as internally diverse assemblages of people, things, and places. Finally, they reveal how both widespread social and political transformations do not occur through elite innovations alone but through changes in the everyday labor of people who work and celebrate together.

This dissertation examines mortuary traditions, cranial trauma, violent dismemberment, and cranial hyperostoses among a mortuary population from the cemetery of Uraca, in the Majes Valley, Arequipa, Peru. AMS dates show that Uraca was used for the burial of individuals who lived during the Early Intermediate Period (âEIPâ, ca 200 BC â 600 AD), and during the emergence and first fifty years of the Andean Middle Horizon (600 â 1000 AD). Galtungâs (1969 and 1990) models of the violence triangle are applied to understand how physical violence, structural violence, and cultural violence constituted internal and external relationships; specifically whether Uraca utilized network or corporate power strategies. Archaeological and bioarchaeological results show that burial with exotic grave goods in prominent mortuary landscapes was predominantly used for elite males who were injured during their lives or around the time of death. Sex-based differences in wound characteristics combined with similarities to a nearby elite mortuary complex suggest men were injured in physical conflict resolution and intergroup battle, while women may have been injured in the context of intragroup conflict. Clear differences in mortuary treatment between social status groups did not translate into disparities in childhood health, as indicated by cranial hyperostosis. The demographic and pathological characteristics of human trophy heads suggests they were taken in the context of intergroup conflict, while the temporal shift from individualized to anonymized trophies suggests their cultural meanings changed through time. The combined results suggest that intergroup and intragroup violence and violent trophy-taking rituals were key mechanisms for local leaders to compete for prestige, while symbolic aspects of violent ritual may also have conferred communal benefits within religious systems.

The research proposes to unpack the process of identity negotiation among a group of Cape Bush doctors, as well as to reflect on my own negotiation. During the time spent together, these claimants of a KhoeSan identity presented a permeating Rastafari sense of belonging and reconnected with their Indigenous identity through their work with herbs. The research participants challenged hegemonic perspectives on identity, culture, health, and respectability. They carried out their practices and beliefs within an urban environment represented by the space of the street corner. A central relational ontology emerged throughout the research, emphasizing the multiple underlying connections and interdependencies that structure their worldview and deeply influencing my personal development. The negotiation of their identity was shaped by constant processes of re-appropriation, adaptation, and re-composition and contributed to bridging historical, cultural, and social gaps imposed by years of colonisation, oppression, and marginalisation. I argue in this research that understanding the production of identity through a dynamic and fluid framework of knowledge participates to foster reinterpretations of agency, power, wealth, and marginality. To contend with the plurality of crisis we face in the contemporary moment, We must learn from these alternative worldviews.

Archaeological material recovered from a trash pit feature located at the intersection of Artillery Lane and Aviles Street in St. Augustine is compared to other sites from the colonial city. Detailed analysis and interpretation of the material culture and faunal material recovered from the Artillery Lane trash pit test the excavator's proposition that the feature represents an elite residential midden. The results of the present study indicate that this is not the case; instead, the feature is associated with a Spanish military hospital. / A Thesis submitted to the Department of Anthropology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. / Fall Semester, 2005. / November 1, 2005. / Spanish Colonial Archaeology / Includes bibliographical references. / Rochelle A. Marrinan, Professor Directing Thesis; Glen H. Doran, Committee Member; Bonnie G. McEwan, Committee Member.

This thesis examines an assemblage of artifacts recovered from the U.S. Army Transport Maple Leaf. This assemblage was part of a cargo of baggage from three regiments of Union Army troops sent to Florida in 1864. The U.S. Sanitary Commission, a civilian aid organization, likely distributed the assemblage studied to one or all of these regiments. It consists of non-military equipment likely used for medical practices. The assemblage is examined in context of the emergence of sanitary medical practices and the emergence of sanitation in the medical community during the Civil War. This thesis argues that newly introduced, more effective sanitary practices of the Civil War were not adopted after the war because the underlying cause of infection and disease was not understood. It was only after the advent of germ theory in the 1890's that the medical community adopted sanitation practices first recommended in the early 1860's. / A Thesis submitted to the Department of Anthropology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. / Spring Semester, 2004. / April 6, 2004. / sanitary commission, shipwreck, maple leaf, civil war medicine / Includes bibliographical references. / Cheryl Ward, Professor Directing Thesis; Michael K. (Michael Kent) Faught, 1950-, Committee Member; Clarence Gravlee, Committee Member.

The late 19th and early 20th -century shipping industry experienced a transition in ship technology from sail to steam propulsion. This thesis examines the continued use of iron-hulled barques during this transitional period, with a discussion of previously studied examples of the remains of iron-hulled, sailing barques from the 19th century. Archaeological and archival research gathered on Glamis strongly supports the hypothesis that the shipwreck site GC013 is the iron-hulled barque, Glamis, wrecked in 1913 off the coast of Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands, B.W.I. Despite the advances of steamship technology, some countries not only continued but also expanded their use of sailing ships. I describe and explain this practice using Norway as a paradigm. / A Thesis submitted to the Department of Anthropology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. / Spring Semester, 2004. / March 25, 2004. / Cayman Islands, Norwegian Shipping, Barques, Iron Barque, Anthropology, Archaeology, Maritime History, Shipwrecks, Maritime Archaeology, Shipwreck Archaeology / Includes bibliographical references. / Cheryl A. Ward, Professor Directing Thesis; Margaret Leshikar-Denton, Outside Committee Member; Michael K. (Michael Kent) Faught, 1950-, Committee Member.