Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-115).

Thesis (M.Env.St.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geographical and Environmental Studies, 2001. / Bibliography: leaves 106-114.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2007. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 65-70). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Th.--Méd.--Paris, 1895-1896. / Paris, 1895-1896, Tome XXIII, n ° 65.

No description available.

Concentrations of inorganic arsenic (iAs) metabolites in urine present intra- and interindividual variations, which are determined not only by the magnitude of exposure to iAs, but also by differences in genetic, environmental and dietary factors.

Thesis (M.Sc.(Biochemistry)) -- University of Limpopo, 2019. / Retinoblastoma binding protein 6 (RBBP6) is the protein encoded by the Retinoblastoma Binding Protein 6 (RBBP6) gene that is located in chromosome 16p12.2. There is a growing list of newly discovered RBBP6 hypothetical splice variants but there are only three RBBP6 splice variants that are well documented. RBBP6 has been previously implicated in the regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis but little is known about the expression and regulation of the human RBBP6 splice variants during cell cycle progression and breast cancer development. This study was aimed at determining the expression pattern of RBBP6 alternatively spliced variants during arsenic trioxide-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. It was also aimed at determining RBBP6 specific microRNAs and how they are regulated in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. MCF-7 cells were maintained and subjected to arsenic trioxide-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and the Muse™ Count & Viability assays were used to evaluate the effect of arsenic trioxide on the viability of MCF-7 cells. Cell cycle arrest using 11 μM arsenic trioxide and apoptosis using 32 μM arsenic trioxide were analysed using the MUSE® Cell Analyzer, light and fluorescence microscopy. Arsenic triode-induced apoptosis was analysed using the Muse™ Annexin V & Dead Cell Kit, MultiCaspase and MitoPotential assays using the Muse™ MultiCaspase Kit and Muse™ MitoPotential Kit. Arsenic trioxide-induced cell cycle arrest was analysed using the Muse™ Cell Cycle Kit. Semi-quantitative analysis of RBBP6 variants was carried out using the conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), while the quantitative analysis was done using the Real-Time Quantitative PCR. The localization of RBBP6 isoforms was done using Immunocytochemistry (ICC). Web based Bioinformatics tools were used to identify RBBP6-specific microRNAs. The MTT results showed that arsenic trioxide decreased the viability of the MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The Muse™ Cell Cycle analysis showed that 11 μM of arsenic trioxide induced G2/M cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells, while the Muse™ Annexin V & Dead Cell assay showed that 32 μM of arsenic trioxide induced the extrinsic apoptotic pathway in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Using the conventional PCR, the MCF-7 cells were found to express the RBBP6 variant 1 transcript but lacks the expression of variant 2 and 3 transcripts, contrary to the kidney embryonic Hek 293 cells that exhibited the expression of RBBP6 variant 1, 2 and 3. Additionally, arsenic trioxide downregulated RBBP6 variant 1 in breast cancer cells during cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The Real-Time PCR confirmed that MCF-7 cells lowly express RBBP6 variant 3. On the other hand, the ICC analysis showed that RBBP6 isoform 1 is localized and highly expressed in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The Web based Bioinformatics tools showed that RBBP6 variant 1 specific microRNAs are down regulated in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. These results together showed that As2O3 is effective against MCF-7 cells and also regulated the expression of RBBP6 variants, especially, variant 1. This study showed that there are RBBP6 variants that are involved in breast cancer progression and there are those that may be involved in breast cancer suppression. Targeting these RBBP6 variants for therapeutic development is a promising strategy. In conjunction with RBBP6 expression, arsenic trioxide should be further explored as a breast cancer drug.

Arsenic is a human bladder carcinogen. Inorganic arsenic and methylated metabolites are excreted from the human body in urine. This study investigates the effects of arsenite [As(III)] and monomethylarsonous acid [MMA(III)] on human urothelial cells (UROtsa). Cytotoxicity studies found that MMA(III) was 20 times more toxic than As(III). In addition, UROtsa cells have the ability to biotransform As(III) to pentavalent and trivalent mono-methylated metabolites.To understand the mechanism of arsenic carcinogenesis, it is necessary to know which arsenicals are carcinogenic. Therefore, non-tumorigenic UROtsa cells were chronically exposed to 0.05 uM MMA(III) and monitored for signs of transformation. MMA(III)-treated cells (URO-MSC) became hyperproliferative after 12 weeks of exposure. Anchorage-independent growth was detected after 24 weeks of exposure to MMA(III). Gene array analysis conducted in URO-MSC cells after 52 weeks of exposure detected expression changes consistent with malignant transformation. Enhanced tumorigenicity in SCID mouse xenografts was also observed after 52 weeks of treatment.URO-MSC cells form squamous cell carcinoma, a histology associated with inflammation, when injected into SCID mice. Induction of cycolooxygenase-2 (COX-2) promotes proliferation, angiogenesis, and survival in cancer cells. To identify a potential mechanism of MMA(III) carcinogenesis, the effects of chronic and acute MMA(III) treatment on COX-2 expression were investigated. Western blot analysis revealed that COX-2 was induced in a time-dependent manner in URO-MSC cells. Acute MMA(III) exposure also increased COX-2 protein. To identify signal transduction pathways responsible for COX-2 induction, pharmacological inhibitors of various signaling pathways were co-administered with 0.05 uM MMA(III) and identified src and extracellular signal regulated protein kinase (ERK) activation to be responsible for COX-2 induction. Thus, MMA(III) causes ligand-independent activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which activates the signal cascade responsible for COX-2 expression. EGFR is elevated in URO-MSC cells. To determine if EGFR is a key mediator of URO-MSC cell tumorigenicity, inhibitors of downstream signal transduction (src, PI3K, and COX-1/-2) were found to reduce URO-MSC cell viability and growth in soft agar. Results from this work not only identify that MMA(III) can induce malignant transformation in human cells but also provides insight into the mechanism of arsenic-induced bladder cancer.

Thesis (M.Phil.) - University of Queensland, 2005. / Includes bibliography.

The waste water from the industrial production of the herbicide monosodium methyl arsenate was treated using coagulation. The coagulation process as developed in this research proved to be suitable for arsenic removal in aqueous media using chromium (III), calcium (II), and combination of calcium (II) and chromium (III), and magnesium (II). The results obtained suggest that the coagulation process can be used for the treatment of the waste water from the monosodium methyl arsenate production. Response surface methodology was used to study the effects of the various parameters, namely pH, mole ratios (Cr:As, Ca:As, and Mg:As), concentration of flocculent and initial arsenic concentration. To optimize the process conditions for the maximum removal of arsenic. Central composite and factorial designs were used to study the effects of these variables and to predict the effect of each. ANOVA was used to identify those factors which had significant effects on model quality and performance. The initial arsenic concentration appeared to be the only significant factor. These models were statistically tested and verified by confirmation experiments.