The basic objective of this research is to develop an architecture for systems capable of highly autonomous behavior by combining decision (intelligence), perception (sensory processing), and action (effector) components. The major challenge of this dissertation is the integration of high-level symbolic models with low-level dynamic (control-theoretic) models into a coherent model base. The systematic inclusion of dynamic and symbolic models each dedicated to support a single function such as planning, operations, diagnosis or perception allows us to extend existing multi-layered control and information architectures. A knowledge-based simulation environment is employed to simulate and verify the proposed integrated model-based architecture. The constructed working simulation version of an autonomous robot-managed laboratory demonstrates the use of multiple model families for experiment planning and execution. Tools to support the development and integration of such model families are also developed. The developed model-based architecture is elaborated by incorporating time-based simulation and causal propagation model families supporting diagnosis, repair, and replanning. This involves tools to automatically extract such models from more detailed dynamic models and structural knowledge. Systems with high levels of autonomy are critical for unmanned, and partially manned, space missions. The utility of the proposed high autonomy system will be demonstrated with models of a robot-managed fluid handling laboratory for International Space Station Freedom to be used for research in life sciences, microgravity sciences, and space medicine. NASA engineers will be able to base designs of intelligent controllers for such systems on the architecture developed in this dissertation. They will be able to employ our tools and simulation environment to verify such designs prior to their implementation.

This study addressed the free recall and recognition memory processes of elementary school children. It has been discovered that when children recall items from episodically related collections, a non-monotonic relationship is found between the memory strengths of those items and the order in which they are recalled. This relationship is known as cognitive triage, and it is not understood if the same phenomena would occur with recall involving semantic memory. Regarding recognition memory, experiments have tapped children's tendency to falsely remember words whose gist is the same as the gist of newly learned items. These past studies have focused primarily on a reversal of the standard false-recognition effect, where related distractors were easier to reject than unrelated distractors under some conditions. No research to date has ignored reversals and clearly examined the false-recognition effect itself. This study examined kindergarten, third, and sixth grade children's free recall organization and false-recognition of related distractors. The cognitive triage experiment examined semantic memory through having children recall exemplars from categories in Battig and Montague's (1969) lists. The recognition experiment examined developmentally the differential rate of false-recognition for related and unrelated distractors. Fuzzy Trace Theory (FTT) contends that the ability to inhibit interference increases with age. Hence, younger children were hypothesized to show a weaker cognitive triage effect and more false-recognition than older children. The latter result was found, whereas the former result was not. False-recognition did decrease with age but although a triage effect was observed for category exemplar production, the effect did not vary developmentally. The principle difference between this triage study and previous research is that lists offering preexperimental measures of memory strength were employed. These lists were normed on adults and therefore cognitive triage may have been different for children. Thus, this study indicates that developmental effects are found for false-recognition of related distractors but not for category exemplar production when using Battig and Montague's (1969) lists.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.