<p>Individuals have the tendency to believe that they have complete information when making decisions. In many contexts this propensity allows for swift, efficient, and generally effective decision making. However, individuals cannot always see a representative picture of the world in which they operate. This paper examines judgment in censored environments where a constraint, the censorship point, systematically distorts the sample observed by a decision maker. Random instances beyond the censorship point are observed at the censorship point, while instances below the censorship point are observed at their true value. Many important managerial decisions occur in censored environments, such as inventory, risk-taking, and employee evaluation decisions. This empirical work demonstrates a censorship bias - individuals tend to rely too heavily on the observed censored sample, biasing their beliefs about the underlying population. Further, the censorship bias is exacerbated for higher rates of censorship, higher variance in the population, and higher variability in the censorship points. Evidence from four studies demonstrates how the censorship bias can cause managers to underestimate demand for their goods, over-estimate risk in their environments, and underappreciate the capabilities of their employees, which can lead to undesirable outcomes for organizations.</p> / Dissertation

[pt] O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar os impactos dos fatores comportamentais e organizacionais sobre as decisões relacionadas à inserção de critérios de sustentabilidade nas compras públicas do setor público brasileiro. Com base nas lentes teóricas da estratégia comportamental e das compras públicas sustentáveis, foram relacionados dados do levantamento (Survey) e das pesquisas bibliográfica e documental. Assim, foram identificadas as variáveis extraídas da literatura e selecionadas, por meio da Análise Fatorial Exploratória. Em seguida, foram utilizadas Análise de Cluster e as técnicas MANOVA e ANOVA, o que permitiu constatar que os órgãos do Poder Executivo tendem a considerar o Controle como fator organizacional menos importante e a Capacitação como o mais importante em relação aos outros fatores da categoria – comportamento observado na maioria dos órgãos estaduais e municipais. Por outro lado, percebeu-se que há uma tendência nas instituições federais de considerarem o Controle como o fator organizacional que mais impacta as decisões sobre inclusão de critérios de sustentabilidade nas contratações públicas, enquanto, para este grupo, as variáveis Custo, Capacitação e Normas são as que menos impactam. No que diz respeito aos fatores comportamentais, nota-se uma maior tendência das instituições do Executivo e de grande parte das instituições estaduais e municipais em considerarem as variáveis Viés Disponibilidade, Comportamento Tendencioso e Viés Status Quo como mais impactantes nas decisões de sustentabilidade nas contratações públicas em comparação com as instituições do Judiciário, dos Ministérios Públicos e das Cortes de Contas. Por fim, pôde-se observar ainda que as instituições do Executivo e de grande parte das instituições estaduais e municipais tendem a enfatizar mais os fatores organizacionais e comportamentais que as instituições de outros poderes e de outros entes federativos. / [en] The present study aims to evaluate the impacts of behavioral and organizational factors on decisions related to the inclusion of sustainability criteria in public procurement in the Brazilian public sector. Based on the theoretical lens of behavioral strategy and sustainable public procurement, data from the survey (Survey) and bibliographic and documentary research were related. Thus, the variables extracted from the literature and selected through Exploratory Factor Analysis were identified. Then, Cluster Analysis and the MANOVA and ANOVA techniques were used, which made it possible to verify that the Executive Power bodies tend to consider Control as the least important organizational factor and Training as the most important in relation to the other factors of the category - behavior observed in most state and municipal agencies. On the other hand, it was noticed that there is a tendency in federal institutions to consider Control as the organizational factor that most impacts decisions on the inclusion of sustainability criteria in public procurement, while, for this group, the variables Cost, Training and Standards are the ones with the least impact. With regard to behavioral factors, there is a greater tendency of Executive institutions and a large part of state and municipal institutions to consider the variables Availability Bias, Biased Behavior and Status Quo Bias as the most impacting on sustainability decisions in public procurement compared to the institutions of the Judiciary, Public Prosecutors Offices and Courts of Accounts. Finally, it was also possible to observe that the institutions of the Executive and most of the state and municipal institutions tend to emphasize organizational and behavioral factors more than the institutions of other powers and other federative entities.

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