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Binocular camera fixation refers to the control of camera movements so that the optical axes of two cameras converge at a single point of interest in a three-dimensional scene. This thesis describes the theory and high-level algorithms for a procedure that can locate fixation points in an image pair. The binocular fixation procedure which has been developed here combats several difficult fixation problems that are hard to overcome with traditional approaches. Examples of this are objects lacking in visual texture, scenes with occluding conditions, repeating patterns, and objects which are steeply slanted with respect to the image planes. In order to deal with low-contrast image regions, the system is capable of detecting nearby salient points and shifting attention to a new salient target. Based on local image information, the system adaptively determines an initial window size using an Autoregressive-Moving Average (ARMA) modeling technique. Area-based feature matching is performed using normalized cross-covariance within a multiresolution image hierarchy. Gaussian low-pass filters of increasing spatial resolution are used to construct the hierarchy, and matching is performed in coarse-to-fine order. Finally, affine image warping is used in some cases to reduce the effects of perspective distortion so that area based image comparison is improved. The method presented here can serve as the foundation of a stereo tracking system, and has potential applications in such areas as autonomous vehicle navigation, industrial process control, and visually guided robot manipulation. / Master of Science

This thesis investigates the use of binocular information for motion-in-depth (MID) perception. There are at least two different types of binocular information available to the visual system from which to derive a perception of MID: changing disparity (CD) and inter-ocular velocity differences (IOVD). In the following experiments, we manipulate the availability of CD and IOVD information in order to assess the relative influence of each on MID judgements. In the first experiment, we assessed the relative effectiveness of CD and IOVD information for MID detection, and whether the two types of binocular information are processed by separate mechanisms with differing characteristics. Our results suggest that, both CD and IOVD information can be utilised for MID detection, yet, the relative dependence on either of these types of MID information varies between observers. We then went on to explore the contribution of CD and IOVD information to time-to-contact (TTC) perception, whereby an observer judges the time at which an approaching stimulus will contact them. We confirmed that the addition of congruent binocular information to looming stimuli can influence TTC judgements, but that there is no influence from binocular information indicating no motion. Further to this, we found that observers could utilise both CD and IOVD for TTC judgements, although once again, individual receptiveness to CD and/or IOVD information varied. Thus, we demonstrate that the human visual system is able to process both CD and IOVD information, but the influence of either (or both) of these cues on an individual’s perception has been shown to be mutually independent.

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1980. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Barker. / Bibliography: leaves 193-197. / by Troy A. Crites. / M.S.

Σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας ήταν η μελέτη της μεθόδου κατασκευής του χάρτη βάθους μιας σκηνής από δύο εικόνες της, οι οποίες προσομοιάζουν την ανθρώπινη διοφθαλμική όραση. Η μέθοδος αναλύθηκε στους βασικούς της αλγορίθμους, και εξετάστηκε κατά πόσο και με ποιόν τρόπο θα μπορούσαν αυτοί να παραλληλοποιηθούν. Το OpenCL framework και η OpenCV βιβλιοθήκη μελετήθηκαν, και βρέθηκαν κατάλληλες και ικανές για την παραλληλοποίηση ενός αλγορίθμου υπολογιστικής όρασης. Με χρήση των παραπάνω υλοποιήθηκαν ενδεικτικά κάποιοι αλγόριθμοι και υπολογίστηκε το σχετικό βάθος των χαρακτηριστικών σημείων των εικόνων. Τέλος έγινε αξιολόγηση των αλγορίθμων ως προς την ταχύτητα και την ποιότητα των αποτελεσμάτων. / The goal of the present thesis was to study a scene's depthmap creation, using a pair of images simulating human binocular vision. At first the whole method was cut down to its elementary algorithms. Then it was examined wether and how could these algorithms be parallelized. OpenCL framework and OpenCV library were found adequate and capable of parallelizing computer vision algorithms, so they were used to implement some indicative algorithms. Finally, the relative depth of image features was calculated via various algorithm combinations, that were then evaluated according to speed and accuracy.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. / Additional advisors: Frank Amthor, Claudio Busettini, James Cox, Rosalyn Weller. Description based on contents viewed July 27, 2009; title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 104-113).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. / Title from PDF title page (viewed Mar. 30, 2010). Additional advisors: Franklin R. Amthor, James E. Cox, Timothy J. Gawne, Rosalyn E. Weller. Includes bibliographical references (p. 104-114).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Delaware, 2005. / Principal faculty advisor: Chandra Kambhamettu, Dept. of Computer & Information Sciences. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 94 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-94).