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Perceptual development in blind childrenMenaker, Shirley Lasch January 1965 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / The purpose of this study was to investigate tue effects of prolonged deficit in one sense modality (vision) on the development of perception in another sense modality (tactile-kinesthesis). Specifically, the absence of vision from early in life was hypothesized as having a retarding effect on the development of perception in the tactile-kinesthetic sense. A total of 244 children served as the subjects for the study: 144 children with normal vision and 100 congenitally blind children. They ranged in age from five through sixteen years. The two groups were matched for chronological age and verbal IQ.
In order to investigate the hypothesis of developmental retardation, it was decided to look at performance in a tactile-kinesthetic task in which there were systematic changes w1th age. Part of the study was tnus concerned with establishing norms for such a task.
Two types of tactile-kinesthetic tasks were individually administered to all subjects: a test of kinesthetic after-effect; and the size-weight illusion, administered in three different forms.
In both sighted and congenitally blind subjects, significant differences with age were found in two out of the three forms of the size-weight illusion (the two measures involving the simultaneous use of both hands). In the third form (involving the use of only one hand), significant differences with age were found in the blind population and, while the differences with age in the sighted population were not significant, there was a graphic indication that systematic changes with age were taking place similar to those found in the other two forms of the illusion. [TRUNCATED] / 2999-01-01
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Investigation of Visual Requirements for Change DetectionNiederman, Elisabeth 01 January 2013 (has links) (PDF)
In this study, participants performed a change detection task. Specifically we examined whether participants had to fixate on a difference between two images before they could detect it. Thirty-six participants performed a change detection task in either a 3 minute or a 1.5 minute condition. We found a significant interaction between task duration and fixation type (whether the participant had fixated on the difference in both, one, or neither image). Participants found a greater number of differences given more time only when they fixated on the difference in both images. The number of differences which were detected by participants with a fixation on only one image or on neither image did not increase with a corresponding increase in time, indicating that some mechanical error may be involved. This suggests that participants need to fixate on a difference before being able to detect it.
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Implicit and explicit capture of attention: what it takes to be noticedvan Rij, Nathan Gordon January 2007 (has links)
Two Inattentional Blindness type experiments involving 446 participants were performed in order to examine how unexpected objects are noticed. Perception of these unexpected objects was measured using explicit and implicit measurements. Despite initial difficulty in determining implicit perception, results showed a dissociation between implicit measurements and explicit measurements, providing strong evidence for unconscious processing. Research into attention capture often emphasizes the role of either expectations or stimulus properties in attention capture; the current research examines both. Critical objects presented were either of a colour that participants were familiar with, or of a new colour. The different patterns of results for these two categories of objects provide evidence for two separate mechanisms of attention capture: a parallel process driven by the features of objects, and a serial process, driven by the intentions of the observer. Predications of the recent theoretical work produced by Most, Scholl, Clifford & Simons, (2005) are examined, and support is obtained for their theoretical formulation.
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The effects of ageing on #alpha#-crystallin, a molecular chaperoneDerham, Barry K. January 1999 (has links)
No description available.
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DNA mutations in families with Norrie's diseaseWalker, Jennifer L. January 1998 (has links)
No description available.
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Protection of enzymes by the molecular chaperone #alpha#-CrystallineHook, Darren W. A. January 1999 (has links)
No description available.
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Investigating the effects of visual deprivation on subcortical and cortical structures using functional MRI and MR spectroscopyCoullon, Gaelle Simone Louise January 2015 (has links)
Visual deprivation in early life causes widespread changes to the visual pathway. Structures normally dedicated to vision can be recruited for processing of the remaining senses (i.e. audition). This thesis used magnetic resonance imaging to explore how the 'visual' pathway reorganises in congenital bilateral anophthalmia, a condition where individuals are born without eyes. Anophthalmia provides a unique model of complete deprivation, since the ‘visual’ pathway has not experienced pre- or post-natal visual input. Firstly, this thesis explored reorganisation of the anophthalmic 'visual' pathway for auditory processing, from subcortical structures responding to basic sounds (Chapters 3 and 4), to higher-order occipital areas extracting meaning from speech sounds (Chapter 7). Secondly, this thesis looked to better understand the neurochemical, neuroanatomical and behavioural changes that accompany reorganisation in anophthalmia (Chapters 5 and 6). Finally, this thesis investigated whether similar changes can take place in the sighted brain after a short period of visual deprivation (Chapter 8). The experiments in this thesis provide some evidence that the lack of pre-natal visual experiences affects cross-modal reorganisation. Chapter 4 describes a unique subcortico-cortical route for auditory input in anophthalmia. Furthermore, Chapter 7 suggests that hierarchical processing of sensory information in the occipital cortex is maintained in anophthalmia, which may not be the case in congenital or early-onset blindness. However, this thesis also suggests that some reorganisation thought to be limited to anophthalmia can be found in early-onset blindness, for example with the subcortical functional changes described in Chapter 3. In addition, neurochemical, neuroanatomical and behavioural changes described in Chapters 5 and 6 are comparable to those reported in early-onset blindness, therefore demonstrating important similarities between these populations. Finally, this thesis describes how some of these functional and behavioural changes can also take place in sighted subjects after a short period of blindfolding, although this effect is extremely variable across subjects (Chapter 8). The thesis concludes by highlighting the considerable contribution of individual differences in studies of cross-modal reorganisation, and emphasises the need for larger more homogenous groups when investigating subcortical and cortical plasticity in the absence of visual input.
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The Myth of Emmetropia: Perception in Rhetorical StudiesKaszynski, Elizabeth 08 1900 (has links)
This thesis sets up the problem of sight in a visual society, with the aim to answer how the visual makes itself known. The conversation starts on visuality, and where there are gaps in understanding. The first of two case studies examines the absence of sight, or blindness, both literal and figurative. Through a study of blind photographers and their work, this chapter examines the nature of perception, and how biological blindness may influence and inform our understanding of figurative blindness. The second case study examines what the improvement of damaged sight has to say about the rhetorical nature of images. This chapter examines various means of improving sight, using literal improvements to sight to understand figurative improvements in vision and perception. The fourth and final chapter seeks to sum up what has been discovered about the rhetorical nature of sight through the ends of the spectrum of sight.
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Apparitions of difference essays on the vocation of reflexive anthropology /Hadder, Richard Neill, January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Activation of microglia in ageing retina and in age-related macular degeneration and their role in RPE degenerationDevarajan, Gayathri January 2012 (has links)
No description available.
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