[pt] Uma arquitetura que exige uma enorme demanda de energia contraria o conceito de um Edifício de Energia Quase Zero (em inglês Nearly Zero Energy Building - NZEB). Pesquisas indicam que edifícios de alto desempenho podem ser alcançados com um design integrado que combina estratégias de eficiência energética, como vidro de alto desempenho, com energia fotovoltaica. A metodologia BIM pode incorporar a Análise de Desempenho do Edifício para apoiar a tomada de decisão de um projeto integrado, essa abordagem é considerada essencial para alcançar um NZEB bem-sucedido. A presente investigação inclui uma revisão sistemática da literatura que orientou a pesquisa. Com base na SLR, foi desenvolvido um Manual de Entrega de Informações que propõe um novo fluxo de trabalho no qual os estudos de energia são realizados nos estágios iniciais do design para alcançar projetos com maior eficiência energética e aproveitar a colaboração intrínseca à metodologia BIM. Por fim, é apresentado um experimento hipotético de um edifício comercial para ilustrar o fluxo de trabalho proposto no IDM desenvolvido. O software Autodesk Revit foi usado para modelar o edifício e a simulação energética foi realizada no software DesignBuilder. Verificou-se que, para que esses dois softwares fossem interoperáveis, o modelo precisava ser exportado do Revit no formato gbXML. As opções de design foram baseadas na proporção de janela/parede (30 por cento, 50 por cento e 100 por cento), no vidro adotado e no sistema fotovoltaico. A análise de viabilidade econômica foi realizada com base no Valor Presente Líquido e na Taxa Interna de Retorno. Os resultados indicaram que o uso da fachada norte para produção fotovoltaica combinado com o sistema fotovoltaico da cobertura forneceu um balanço de energia próximo de zero na maioria dos casos. Por fim, todos os casos analisados têm um tempo de retorno de investimento inferior a garantia do fabricante dos módulos fotovoltaicos (25 anos), exceto no caso com 100 por cento de relação janela/parede e vidro PV na fachada norte. / [en] An architecture that requires a huge energy demand goes against the concept of a Nearly Zero Energy Building (NZEB). Research on the subject indicates that high performing buildings can be achieved with an integrated design that combines energy efficiency strategies, such as high performing glass, with photovoltaic energy (PV). The Building Information Modeling (BIM) methodology can incorporate Building Performance (BP) analysis to support decision making of an integrated design, which is considered essential to achieve a successful NZEB. The present investigation includes a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) that guided the research. Based on the SLR, an Information Delivery Manual was developed that propose a new workflow in which the energy studies are performed in the early stages of design to achieve more energy efficient projects and take advantage of the collaboration intrinsic to the BIM methodology. Lastly, a hypothetical experiment of a commercial building is presented to illustrate the workflow proposed in the developed IDM. The Autodesk Revit software was used to model the building and the energy computer simulation was performed in the DesignBuilder software. It was found that for these two software tools to be interoperable, the model had to be exported from Revit in gbXML format. The design options in the experiment were based on window-to-wall ratio (30 per cent, 50 per cent and 100 per cent), on the adopted glass, and on the photovoltaic system. The economic feasibility analysis was performed based in the Net Present Value (NPV) and the Internal Rate of Return (IRR). The results indicated that the use of the north facade for PV production combining with the PV roof system provided a nearly zero energy balance in most of the cases. Finally, all cases analyzed had a payback time of less than the PV module manufacturer guarantee (25 years), except for the case with 100 per cent window-to-wall ratio and PV Glass in the north facade.

Sustainable performance of buildings has become a major concern among construction industry professionals. However, sustainability considerations are often treated as an add-on to building design, following ad hoc processes for their implementation. As a result, the most common problem to achieve a sustainable building outcome is the absence of the right information at the right time to make critical decisions. For design team members to appreciate the requirements of multidisciplinary collaboration, there is a need for transparency and a shared understanding of the process. The aim of this study is to investigate, model, and facilitate the early stages of Building Information Modelling (BIM) enabled Sustainable Building Design (SBD) by formalising the ad hoc working relationships of the best practices in order to standardise the optimal collaboration workflows. Thus, this research strives to improve BIM maturity level for SBD, assisting in the transition from ad hoc to defined , and then, to managed . For this purpose, this study has adopted an abductive research approach (iterative process of induction and deduction) for theory building and testing. Four (4) stages of data collection have been conducted, which have resulted in a total of 32 semi-structured interviews with industry experts from 17 organisations. Fourteen (14) best practice case studies have been identified, and 20 incidents narratives have been collected applying the Critical Decision Method (CMD) to examine roles and responsibilities, resources, information exchanges, interdependencies, timing and sequence of events, and critical decisions. As a result, the research has classified the critical components of SBD into a framework utilising content and thematic analyses. These have included the definition of roles and competencies that are essential for SBD along with the existing opportunities, challenges, and limitations. Then, Schedules of Services for SBD have been developed for the following stages of the RIBA Plan of Work 2013: stage 0 (Strategic Definition), stage 1 (Preparation and Brief), and stage 2 (Concept Design). The abovementioned SBD components have been coordinated explicitly into a systematic process, which follows Concurrent Engineering (CE) principles utilising Integrated DEFinition (IDEF) structured diagramming techniques (IDEF0 and IDEF3). The results have identified the key players roles and responsibilities, tasks (BIM Uses), BIM-based deliverables, and critical decision points for SBD. Furthermore, Green BIM Box (GBB) workflow management prototype tool has been developed to analyse communication and delivery of BIM-enabled SBD in a centralised system (Common Data Environment, CDE). GBB s system architecture for SBD process automation is demonstrated through Use Case Scenarios utilising the OMG UML (Object Management Group s Unified Modelling Language) notation. The proposed solution facilitates the implementation of BIM, Information Communication Technology (ICT), and Building Performance Analysis (BPA) software to realise the benefits of combining distributed teams expertise holistically into a common process. Finally, the research outcomes have been validated through academic and industrial reviews that have led to the refinement of the IDEF process model and framework. It has been found that collaborative patterns are repeatable for a variety of different non-domestic building types such as education, healthcare, and offices. Therefore, the research findings support the idea that a detailed process, which follows specified communication patterns, can assist in achieving sustainability targets efficiently in terms of time, cost, and effort.