This thesis presents how circularity indicators successfully can be used to generate concrete design improvements for commercial machines with the aim of making them better adapted to the Circular Economy. By using a methodology based on workshops, assessment of circular maturity from BS8001:2017- Framework for implementing the principles of the circular economy in organizations – guide, and use of the circularity indicator Circularity Measurement Toolkit (CMT) a fully automated coffee machine became 4 percent improved in the circular performance and an 80 percent landfill waste reduction was achieved. As Circular Economy is becoming more accepted as the idea of moving forward towards a more sustainable future, topics on how to measure circularity for organizations and products are increasing. Apart from using circularity indicators together with ecodesign strategies in a case for the first time, this thesis also investigates how a  circular transition of a manufacturing company can be communicated to stakeholders.  With a slight modification of the circularity indicator CMT, the assessment provided a percentage on how circular a fully automated coffee machine is. Identified hotspots in the CMT, matched with areas with improvement potential at the case company, results in three concepts of improvement suggestions. The three concepts are: (1) a modular front to the machine to enable remanufacturing/recycling of the front, presents the option of changing the look of the machine without buying a new one, and lowers the amount of landfill waste, (2) The identity of Luna the barista is integrated into the interface of the coffee machine for emotional durability, and (3) suggestions of how a company can communicate their circular transition through sustainability reports are presented. Both the methodology, the use of circularity indicators to generate design suggestions, and the general idea of concepts are believed to be applicable to any commercial machine in order to improve the circular performance.

[pt] A transição para uma economia circular (EC) requer modelos multidimensionais para a definição de objetivos e metas de circularidade em diferentes horizontes temporais, prazos, diretrizes circulares setoriais, políticas públicas nacionais e regionais, entre outros. Visando fornecer estruturas consistentes para decisões de negócios baseadas em evidências, com implicações para os níveis meso e macro de CE, o objetivo desta dissertação é propor um modelo de mensuração estratégica para monitorar e avaliar o desempenho da circularidade no nível micro, integrando GMA e dois métodos multicritério de tomada de decisão. Os principais resultados deste estudo envolvem: (i) uma matriz morfológica genérica composta por oito parâmetros e seus possíveis estados para definir e representar visualmente possíveis cenários de transição de CE para uma determinada organização que pretende evoluir através de transições de CE; (ii) o uso potencial de uma abordagem metodológica híbrida (que combina GMA com dois métodos MCDM) para selecionar os indicadores C mais relevantes para cada estratégia-R pode ser destacado; (iii) uma lista inicial de 58 C-indicadores e métricas associadas a dez estratégias-R e um conjunto de 38 C-indicadores selecionados por meio da adoção do método híbrido AHP-TOPSIS; (iv) definição de dez indicadores de circularidade compostos associados às estratégias R, bem como um Índice de Performance de Circularidade (IPC) geral, e um procedimento passo a passo para calculá-los em diferentes cenários de transição de CE. De uma perspectiva de transição circular, os resultados destacam implicações práticas para organizações e cadeias de valor, uma vez que o modelo foi concebido para ser aplicado em diferentes contextos de negócio, especialmente em organizações que irão definir seus objetivos de circularidade e respectivas agendas relativas à transição para uma economia circular. / [en] The concept of a circular economy (CE) transition requires multi-level frameworks regarding the definition of goals and targets for different time horizons, desired change timeframes, sectoral circularity guidelines, and national and regional public policies, among other factors. Aiming to provide consistent frameworks for evidence-based business decisions with implications for the meso and macro levels of CE, the objective of this dissertation is to propose a strategic measurement model to monitoring and evaluating the circularity performance at the micro level by integrating GMA and two multicriteria decision-making methods. The main findings of this study are: (i) a generic morphological matrix comprising eight parameters and their possible states to define and visually represent possible CE transition scenarios for a given organization that aims to evolve through CE transitions; (ii) the potential use of a hybrid methodological approach (that combines GMA with two MCDM methods) for selecting the most relevant C-indicators for each R-strategy could be highlighted; (iii) an initial list of 58 C-indicators and metrics associated to ten R-strategies and a set of 38 selected C-indicators by adopting the hybrid AHP-TOPSIS method; (iv) definition of ten composite C-indicators associated with the R-strategies, as well as an overall Circularity Performance Index (CPI), and a step-by-step procedure to calculate them in different CE transition scenarios. From a CE transition perspective, the results highlighted practical implications for organizations and value chains, once the proposed model is designed to be applied in different business contexts, especially in those organizations that will define their circularity targets and respective agendas concerning CE transitions.